The effect of salinity on evaporation

Harbeck, G. Earl

doi:10.3133/pp272a

Cited by 45 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…4) found that pan evaporation of brine with a density 1.2 g/mL was about 70 percent of the rate of evaporation of fresh water. The value of 70 percent also agrees with curves by Harbeck (1955, fig. 2) that show effects of salinity on evaporation.…”

Section: Precipitationsupporting

confidence: 85%

Hydrology and surface morphology of the Bonneville Salt Flats and Pilot Valley Playa, Utah

1979

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Section: Precipitationsupporting

confidence: 85%

Hydrology and surface morphology of the Bonneville Salt Flats and Pilot Valley Playa, Utah

1979

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“…As salinity increases in saline lakes, the ratio of evaporation rate from saline water to fresh water (E sal /E fw ) decreases (Calder and Neal, 1984;Harbeck, 1955;Mohammed and Tarboton, 2011). This salinity effect dominates effects due to temperature changes (Harbeck, 1955), so that a first order approximation of the salinity effect on E sal /E fw can be determined from salinity alone.…”

Section: Determining the Effect Of Salinity On Lake Evaporationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This salinity effect dominates effects due to temperature changes (Harbeck, 1955), so that a first order approximation of the salinity effect on E sal /E fw can be determined from salinity alone. Harbeck (1955) developed simple analytical relationships between E sal /E fw and salinity of natural waters and found that E sal /E fw response to salinity was also affected by the total amount of evaporation, with higher evaporation levels shifting the polynomial relationship to higher ratios. These experiments show a range of scatter of E sal /E fw , but generally follow the theoretical predictions of Harbeck.…”

Section: Determining the Effect Of Salinity On Lake Evaporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent desiccation of Western Great Basin Saline Lakes: Lessons from Lake Abert, Oregon, U.S.A.

Moore

2016

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Evaporation rates from highly saline sediment surfaces are substantially low (Table 1) in comparison with a soil surface wetted by fresh water which has a similar evaporation rate to pan evaporation (Hillel 1971;Idso et al 1974), and with a brine surface with salinity of 300 g/L which can evaporate at a rate more than 60% of that from fresh water (Harbeck 1955). Playa surface sediments are often highly moist, lying within the capillary fringe of the watertable, and the most characteristic feature is surficial efflorescent salts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaporation from a salt encrusted sediment surface - Field and laboratory studies

Chen¹

1992

Soil Res.

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Estimates of hydrologic budgets from arid zones are constrained by difficulties in evaluating evaporation loss from groundwater discharge areas, especially playa surfaces. Evaporation from a salt-encrusted playa surface (Lake Amadeus, central Australia) is estimated by field measurement of moisture loss from sediment blocks in plastic receptacles set into the playa.The evaporation process consists of two distinctively different evaporative patterns. E I is a very low rate (70 =/year, 2.4% of pan evaporation) from the salt-encrusted surface. Ez is a much higher rate which occurs after rain dissolves the surface salt crust. The total E2 evaporation is lower than the rainfall, indicating that a portion of rainfall recharges the playa brine. Therefore, the total E l (70 mm/year) can only be used as an upper limit of the net evaporation and the actual value may be significantly lower.In a laboratory analogue experiment, a very thin (2 mm) salt crust diminishes the evaporation to about 2% of that from a fresh water surface, even though the sediments underlying the crust remain saturated. When distilled water was added to the salt crust, the evaporation rate increased by nearly 20 times for a short period, then returned to the previous low rate. However, a portion of the distilled water infiltrated to the watertable, and became part of the brine supply to the sediments. Both the salt crusts of Lake Amadeus and those formed in the laboratory experiment are porous and buckled, and significantly drier than the underlying sediments.The significant reduction of evaporation from salt-encrusted sediment surface seems to be mainly due to the porous, buckled and dry nature of the crust which inhibits the removal of the vapour from the underlying sediments. The vapour pressure decrease of the brine has relatively less effects.

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The effect of salinity on evaporation

Cited by 45 publications

References 5 publications

Hydrology and surface morphology of the Bonneville Salt Flats and Pilot Valley Playa, Utah

Hydrology and surface morphology of the Bonneville Salt Flats and Pilot Valley Playa, Utah

Recent desiccation of Western Great Basin Saline Lakes: Lessons from Lake Abert, Oregon, U.S.A.

Evaporation from a salt encrusted sediment surface - Field and laboratory studies

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