The Effect of Rootstocks on the Retention of Apple Quality

Skrzynski, J.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2007.732.18

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Rootstock is one of the factors in the yield (orchard) which can affect the quality of the fruit (Skrzyński, 2007). In addition to the cultivar, the rootstock can also affect the occurrence of bitter pit.…”

Section: Rootstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bitter pit in apples: pre- and postharvest factors: A review

Jemrić

Fruk

et al. 2017

Span. j. agric. res.

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Bitter pit is a physiological disorder that significantly reduces the quality of apples. Although it has been detected since the beginning of the last century, still there is little known about the mechanism of its occurrence. According to numerous studies, bitter pit is formed as a result of calcium deficiency in the fruit. Some authors cite the high concentration of gibberellins, later in the production season, most probably caused by excessive activity of the roots, as the chief causative factor. Beside Ca, there are several factors that can also contribute to its development, like imbalance among some mineral elements (N, P, K and Mg), cultivar, rootstock, the ratio of vegetative and generative growth, post-harvest treatments and the storage methods. There are some prediction models available that can estimate the risk of bitter pit in apples, but even those are not always reliable. The aim of this review was to encompass the pre and postharvest factors which cause bitter pit and point out the directions for solving this problem.

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Section: Rootstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fruits from the trees grafted onto rootstocks M9 and P14 were mostly affected by physiological disorders and other diseases during storage (Skrzyński, 2007). Higher incidence of bitter pit occurs in the less fertile seasons (Ferguson & Watkins, 1992), as a result of large fruits and high leaf/fruit ratio (Ernani et al, 2002).…”

Section: Rootstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bitter pit in apples: pre- and postharvest factors: A review

Jemrić

Fruk

et al. 2017

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…Higher content of fruit Ca on red-leaved rootstocks was demonstrated in other trials too (Słowińska, Tomala, 2001;Maas, Wertheim, 2004;Skrzyński, 2007). Along with high calcium content low K:Ca, Mg:Ca and N:Ca ratios are a prerequisite for good fruit storability (Sio et al, 1999;Piestrzeniewicz, Tomala, 2001;Casero et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Rootstock vigour and leaf colour affect apple tree nutrition

Kviklys

Lanauskas

Uselis

et al. 2017

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

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Nutrient uptake and transport depend on the root system of a tree. Various apple rootstock genotypes may interact fruit tree nutrition. The effect of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) rootstocks (M.9, M.26, B.396, P22, P59, P61, P62, P66, P67, Pure 1 and PB.4) on the mineral nutrition of leaf and fruit was studied in 2013-2015. The leaf and fruit mineral concentration for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and leaf mineral content for copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and boron (B) were measured. Apple trees on semi-dwarf M.26 and dwarf P67 rootstocks accumulated more minerals in leaves and fruits. The highest negative deviation from optimal nutrient content was detected in leaves from trees on super-dwarf rootstock P59. Red-leaved rootstocks accumulated significantly more Ca in leaves and fruits of scion cultivar and determined significantly lower K, N and Mg ratios to Ca. Rootstock vigour had impact only on leaf Ca and Mg. More dwarfing rootstocks determined higher content of Ca and lower content of Mg. More vigorous rootstocks had positive effect on fruit K and P, while dwarfing on K, N and Mg ratios to Ca. Based on rootstock selectivity to accumulate certain minerals, by choosing the right rootstock genotype we can create orchards tolerant of unfavourable soil conditions.

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“…For sult more bitter pit. Skrzyński [61] found more bitter pit and flesh browning in apples grafted on M9 rootstock. 'Fuji' apple fruits had more bitter pit when trees were directly grafted on M26 as compared to when it was grafted into 'Granny Smith' interstem with M.26 rootstock [62].…”

Section: Soil Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Physiological and Environmental Factors Influencing Bitter Pit in Apples

Fallahi¹,

Mahdavi²

2020

J Hortic Sci Res

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Bitter pit was first believed to be an apple disease known as "stippen" by Jaeger in Germany in 1869 [1]. Several years later, bitter pit was known as Baldwin spot [2,3]and blotchy cork [6] in Northern America. The name "bitter pit" was first used by Cobb in Australia in 1895 [7]. Bitter pit was reported to be caused by a chemical toxicity [8], viral infection [9], and persistence of starch [10]. Today, it is widely known that bitter pit is a physiological disorder that affects pome fruit, including apples (M. domestica Borkh), pears (P. communis) and quince (Cydonia oblonga), and it is caused by nutritional, cultural, and/or environmental conditions, rather than by disease-causing pathogens.Bitter pit initially expresses symptoms internally as small dark spots in the flesh of the apple. In most cultivars it causes skin pitting which are usually first noticed as dark blotches just under the skin. Often these spots are, or become, more highly colored than the surrounding fruit surfaces, taking on a deep-red color on blush areas and remaining bright green on green or yellow surfaces [3]. As the disorder progresses, the skin darkens and becomes sunken over the spots, or pits.Pierson, et al.[3] noted that typical pits are 1.6 to 3.2 mm in diameter and are usually distributed over the calyx half of the apple. In severe cases, pits may extend up onto the shoulder of the apple. The flesh under these circular pits is darkly discolored, dry, corky or spongy, and tastes bitter, hence the name. Symptoms can manifest at any time during the growth, harvest, or post-storage stages of the apple's life [2,3,11,12], although the majority exhibit symptoms shortly after harvest (authors' personal experience).

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The Effect of Rootstocks on the Retention of Apple Quality

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Bitter pit in apples: pre- and postharvest factors: A review

Bitter pit in apples: pre- and postharvest factors: A review

Rootstock vigour and leaf colour affect apple tree nutrition

Physiological and Environmental Factors Influencing Bitter Pit in Apples

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