The Effect of Rifampin on the Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in a Military Population

Beam, Walter E.; Newberg, Neil R.; Devine, Leonard F.; Pierce, Willard E.; Davies, John

doi:10.1093/infdis/124.1.39

Cited by 54 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Some characteristics of the populations studied, such as age and living conditions of the individuals, have been shown to influence the prevalence of carriage [2][3][4][5][6]. Military recruits, in particular, are population-groups with high meningococcal carriage rates [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission ofNeisseria meningitidisamong asymptomatic military recruits and antibody analysis

Caugant¹,

Høiby²,

Rosenqvist

et al. 1992

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYFollowing the occurrence of a case of systemic meningococcal disease in a military camp in Norway. throat cultures and blood samples were collected from 33 healthy individuals belonging to the same troop as the patient (troop A) and from 29 individuals from a different troop (troop B) in the same camp. Serological studies showed that 91 % of the recruits had bactericidal antibodies against the disease-causing strain. The isolates of Neisseria meningitidis recovered from the throat cultures were serogrouped, serotyped, and assigned to a clone on the basis of an analysis of the electrophoretic mobilities of 14 metabolic enzymes. None of the 23 carriers in troop A harboured the clone responsible for the case of disease, but 6 carried isolates of the same electrophoretic type, ET-7, which was not identified in any of the 19 carriers of troop B. Individuals in troop A were resampled 2 and 17 weeks after the meningococcal disease episode. Five of the carriers had acquired different clones and one of them changed clone twice in that period. Four of the six newly acquired clones had previously been identified in other carriers of troop A. demonstrating transmission of clones among individuals living and working in close proximity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission ofNeisseria meningitidisamong asymptomatic military recruits and antibody analysis

Caugant¹,

Høiby²,

Rosenqvist

et al. 1992

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…Emergence of resistance and person-to-person spread might have been higher if rifampin had been used alone in an acute hospital with open wounds, staphylococcal abscesses, and a higher rate of nasal carriage. However, failure of rifampin-resistant meningococcal strains to spread rapidly and dominate the sensitive flora has also been observed after mass therapy with rifampin in a closed population (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Rifampin on Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus

Sande

Mandell

1975

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Initial studies indicate that rifampin may be useful for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections. Because bacterial resistance to rifampin may develop rapidly, its widespread use could result in the emergence of a resistant flora. This study evaluates the effectiveness of rifampin in reducing the nasal carriage of S. aureus and the rate at which resistant mutants emerge in a tuberculosis hospital where the drug was widely used. Anterior nares cultures were performed four times over a 13-month period. Carriage rates of S. aureus were 1.7% in 227 patients receiving rifampin, 7.8% in 190 patients receiving other antituberculous therapy, and 14.2% in 98 hospital employees (rifampin-treated versus other patients. P < 0.003; rifampin-treated versus employees, P < 0.001; employees versus other patients, P = 0.157). All four strains of S. aureus isolated from patients on rifampin therapy were rifampin resistant. All 16 strains isolated from patients not on rifampin and 15 of 16 strains isolated from hospital personnel were susceptible. One instance of apparent spread of a rifampin-resistant organism occurred in a hospital attendant who had never received rifampin.

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“…Two hours after the first dose of streptomycin the bacterial count fell from 100 million almost to zero, but never reached it; next day it had risen steeply and on the following day was at the pretreatment level, and in the last two cultures the organisms were 1000 times more resistant than they had been before. I obtained some evidence that such failure can be predicted by cultivating the deposit of 10 ml of urine in a pour plate containing 1000 ,ug/ml of streptomycin; in this very large inoculum the presence of pre-existent resistant mutants can be detected.4 6 'O 100x 10 Another peculiarity in the action of streptomycin is illustrated in figure 2. This was also a culture of the urine of a patient with a Klebsiella infection, but he had already been treated with streptomycin.…”

Section: Motives For Discouraging Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Defence against bacterial drug resistance.

Garrod¹

1976

BMJ

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The Effect of Rifampin on the Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in a Military Population

Cited by 54 publications

References 9 publications

Transmission ofNeisseria meningitidisamong asymptomatic military recruits and antibody analysis

Transmission ofNeisseria meningitidisamong asymptomatic military recruits and antibody analysis

Effect of Rifampin on Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus

Defence against bacterial drug resistance.

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