The Effect of Resistance Training on Body Composition During and After Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Clifford, Briana; Koizumi, Sean; Wewege, Michael A; Leake, Hayley B.; Ha, Lauren; Macdonald, Eliza; Fairman, Ciaran M.; Hagstrom, Amanda D.

doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01542-6

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…However, the effects of RT on increasing lean body mass during ADT is more uncertain [ 16 , 17 ]. This is also in agreement with RT interventions in other cancer types, indicating that individuals with cancer in general experience a blunted response in lean body mass in response to RT interventions [ 18 ]. However, whether PCs patients on ADT can expect similar effects of RT as healthy elderly men (HEM) is currently not known.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Does Androgen Deprivation for Prostate Cancer Affect Normal Adaptation to Resistance Exercise?

Nilsen

Johansen

Thorsen

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: Loss of muscle mass and muscle function is a common side effect from androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we explored effects of heavy-load resistance training (RT) on lean body mass and muscle strength changes reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) among PCa patients on ADT and in healthy elderly men (HEM), by comparison of results in separate meta-analysis. Methods: RCTs were identified through databases and reference lists. Results: Seven RCTs in PCa patients (n = 449), and nine in HEM (n = 305) were included. The effects of RT in lean body mass change were similar among PCa patients (Standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.7) and HEM (SMD: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.7). It is noteworthy that the within group changes showed different patterns in PCa patients (intervention: 0.2 kg; control: −0.6 kg) and HEM (intervention: 1.2 kg; control: 0.2 kg). The effects of RT on change in muscle strength (measured as 1 RM) were similar between PCa patients and HEM, both for lower body- (PCa: SMD: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.5; HEM: SMD: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.0, 3.4), and for upper body exercises (PCa: SMD: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3, 2.7; HEM: SMD: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3, 2.6). Conclusions: The effects of RT on lean body mass and 1 RM were similar in PCa patients on ADT and HEM, but the mechanism for the intervention effect might differ between groups. It seems that RT counteracts loss of lean body mass during ADT in PCa patients, as opposed to increasing lean body mass in HEM.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Does Androgen Deprivation for Prostate Cancer Affect Normal Adaptation to Resistance Exercise?

Nilsen

Johansen

Thorsen

et al. 2022

IJERPH

Self Cite

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“…Changes in body composition parameters across ultrasound and InBody measurements appeared comparable. A recent meta‐analysis has revealed muscle mass increases of less than 1 lb, with fat loss of around 1 lb in breast cancer patients undergoing resistance training 32 . We experienced larger reductions in adipose tissue and slightly larger increases in muscle mass gain in only 3 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

EXERT‐BC: A pilot study of an exercise regimen designed to improve functional mobility, body composition, and strength after the treatment for breast cancer

Carpenter,

Peluso,

Hilton

et al. 2024

Cancer Medicine

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PurposeResistance training may offer several unique advantages within breast cancer (BC) survivorship care; however, safety concerns have limited the application of high‐intensity compound movements necessary to elicit optimal changes in body composition, strength, and quality of life in this population. The EXERT‐BC trial assesses the safety and feasibility of an evidence‐based, dose‐escalated resistance training regimen among BC survivors, with the goal of improving physical and metabolic function, mobility, muscle mass, and body composition.MethodsParticipants included women with breast cancer underwent a 3‐month thrice weekly exercise regimen involving dose escalation of high‐intensity compound exercises. Coprimary outcomes included safety and adherence. Pre‐ and post‐regimen assessment included body composition testing, functional mobility and balance, total load (weight × repetitions × sets) across compound exercises, and patient reported quality of life. Pairwise comparison was performed via the paired t test.ResultsFourty participants completed a 3‐month exercise regimen, with a median age of 57 years (range, 27–74 years) and 73% having stage 0–2 BC. BC therapies concurrent with exercise included anti‐estrogen therapy (80%), radiotherapy (30%), and non‐hormonal systemic therapy (15%). No adverse events were observed aside from a single case of self‐limited knee pain. Session attendance exceeded a prespecified threshold of 75%, and 98% patients reported ongoing compliance to an exercise regimen following regimen completion.Significant reductions in percent body fat (p < 0.001) and increases in percent muscle mass (p = 0.011) were observed. Significant increases in resting metabolic rate (p = 0.023), bilateral grip strength (p < 0.001), functional movement screen (p < 0.001), bilateral Y‐Balance testing (p < 0.001), and Godin questionnaire scores (p < 0.001) were observed.ConclusionA 3‐month dose‐escalated resistance training regimen comprising high‐intensity compound movements appears safe with a high degree of adherence among breast cancer survivors, resulting in demonstrable improvements in body composition, metabolic parameters, strength increases, and patient‐reported quality of life.

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“…of muscle mass on BIA and 3 pounds of fatfree mass on US. [36] With the considerable amount of adipose tissue lost during the intervention, percent body fat dropped 2.5 and 4.5% on BIA and US, respectively. 10 Additionally, phase angle was significantly improved after the resistance training regimen (table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

EXERT-BC: Prospective study of an exercise regimen after treatment for breast cancer

Champ,

Peluso,

Carenter

et al. 2023

Sports Med Int Open

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EXERT-BC is a dose-escalated resistance training regimen created to improve body composition, strength, and balance in women treated for breast cancer. Herein, we report the interim analysis. Women treated for BC underwent this 3-month exercise regimen in an exercise oncology facility with continual monitoring of load and strength. 20 women completed the IRB-approved protocol, with a mean age of 57 years (range 41-74). Concurrent therapies included anti-estrogen therapy (73%), chemotherapy (14%), and radiotherapy (23%). 27% of women endorsed prior exercise. Subjects missed an average of 1.75 classes (range 0-7), with all meeting adherence over 75%. No injuries or adverse events were reported aside from muscle soreness and 2 days of knee pain. Significant differences in body composition at completion included reduced body fat (38.2% vs 36.7%, p=0.003), and increased muscle mass (33.1% vs 37.1%, p<0.001), functional mobility screening (9.82 vs 11.73, p=0.018), and Y-balance (left: 72.4 vs 85.3, p=0.001; right: 70.3 vs 85.2. p<0.001). Significant increases in load were demonstrated: split squat (p<0.001), trap bar deadlift (p=0.035), inclined dumbbell press (p<0.001), and bird dog rows (p<0.001). A dose-escalated resistance training in women with BC is safe and feasible, endorsing significant improvements across body composition, balance, and strength.

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The Effect of Resistance Training on Body Composition During and After Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 21 publications

References 85 publications

Does Androgen Deprivation for Prostate Cancer Affect Normal Adaptation to Resistance Exercise?

Does Androgen Deprivation for Prostate Cancer Affect Normal Adaptation to Resistance Exercise?

EXERT‐BC: A pilot study of an exercise regimen designed to improve functional mobility, body composition, and strength after the treatment for breast cancer

EXERT-BC: Prospective study of an exercise regimen after treatment for breast cancer

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