The effect of reprocessing on the mechanical properties of polypropylene reinforced with wood pulp, flax or glass fibre

Dickson, Alan R.; Even, Damien; Warnes, J.; Fernyhough, Alan

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.03.010

Cited by 53 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This is possibly due to fiber fracture during Rec1, leading to reduced fiber length, and thus decreased bending strength. Similar results were also observed by Dickson et al (2014) studying the effect of reprocessing on the mechanical properties of polypropylene reinforced with wood pulp, flax or glass fiber. 15 The given property underwent very slight reductions in the second and third times of recycling, which can be attributed to the trace of fiber length reduction in the mentioned recycling times.…”

Section: Fiber Length Measurementsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Similar results were also observed by Dickson et al (2014) studying the effect of reprocessing on the mechanical properties of polypropylene reinforced with wood pulp, flax or glass fiber. 15 The given property underwent very slight reductions in the second and third times of recycling, which can be attributed to the trace of fiber length reduction in the mentioned recycling times. SEM micrographs (figure 6) confirmed the authors' assumption showing that fiber length experienced a dramatic reduction after the first recycling time, but was very slightly reduced after the other times.…”

Section: Fiber Length Measurementsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…14 Although the trend is generally a loss of mechanical properties [15][16][17][18] , reprocessing can also lead to enhanced strength and stiffness values attributed to the improved dispersion of fiber within the polymer matrix. 16,[19][20][21][22][23] The archival publications indicate that water absorption and thickness swelling behavior of reprocessed natural fiber plastic composites depend on a numerous factors including interface quality, chemical composition, fiber length and distribution, and density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Multiple Extrusions on Structure-property Performance of Natural Fiber High-density Polyethylene Biocomposites

et al. 2018

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Detailed analysis of the effects of multiple extrusions on physical, mechanical, micro-structural as well as dynamic mechanical thermal properties of natural fiber high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites is reported. Composite materials containing HDPE, wood flour, and Maleic Anhydride polyethylene (MAPE) were manufactured and subjected to a recycling process consisting of up to four times grinding and reprocessing under industrial conditions. A wide range of analytical methods including bending tests, modulus of elasticity, impact strength, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fiber length measurement, water absorption tests, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) were employed to understand the effects of recycling on natural fiber-HDPE composites. The results revealed that the recycled composites had lower bending strength and modulus of elasticity values, as compared to the reference counterparts. Also, the once recycled composites showed higher impact strength. Results, as well, indicated that generally the recycled composites had lower water absorption values as compared to the reference ones. The results obtained from DMTA exhibited a decrease in storage modulus and an increase in mechanical loss factor (tan δ) for all composites subjected to recycling. Alterations in phase transition temperatures and intensities were also monitored and the possible reasons were analyzed.

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Section: Fiber Length Measurementsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Fiber Length Measurementsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Multiple Extrusions on Structure-property Performance of Natural Fiber High-density Polyethylene Biocomposites

et al. 2018

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“…While the Young's modulus is usually little affected, the tensile strength of reprocessed composites typically decreases with an increasing number of reprocessing steps due to fibre shortening. These effects were observed by Bourmaud and Baley [2,3] as well as by Dickson et al [4] for glass fibre-reinforced polypropylene (PP) or by Bernasconi et al [5] for glass fibre-reinforced polyamide (PA) 6.6 among others. Recycling is becoming even more important for natural fibre-reinforced composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Influence of reprocessing on fibre length distribution, tensile strength and impact strength of injection moulded cellulose fibre-reinforced polylactide (PLA) composites

Graupner

Albrecht²,

Ziegmann³

et al. 2016

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. The present study focuses on the reprocessing behaviour of recycled injection moulded polylactide (PLA) composites. The composites are reinforced with regenerated cellulose fibres (lyocell) of variable fineness and a fibre mass content of 30%. They were reprocessed up to three times. The influence of reprocessing on the fibre length distribution and the resulting composite mechanical properties (tensile and impact strength) was analysed. While the first reprocessing cycle does not affect the mechanical characteristics of the neat PLA matrix, the strength of the composites decreases significantly due to a decreasing fibre aspect ratio. It was shown that fibres having a larger cross-sectional area display a lower aspect ratio than finer fibres, after reprocessing. This phenomenon leads to a larger decrease in tensile strength of composites reinforced with coarser fibres when compared to composites reinforced with finer fibres. A comparison of virgin composites and threefold reprocessed composites with a similar fibre length distribution resulted in a significantly higher tensile strength compared to the virgin sample. This result leads to the conclusion that not only the fibre length is drastically reduced by reprocessing but also that the fibres and the matrix were damaged.

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“…When properly compounded natural fibers make good candidates to replace currently used glass fiber as reinforcing agent, in addition to that, they are abundant and renewable and can be generally considered as biodegradable and non-toxic. In products for the automotive market, they are often used combined with a polypropylene matrix, which has low cost and processing temperature, in order to guarantee the thermal stability [5,[8][9][10]. This study aims to evaluate the mechanical, morphological and thermal behavior of composite thermoplastic polymer matrix of homopolymer polypropylene, reinforced with six different types of natural fibers, with and without the use of polypropylene grafted with maleic an-hydride as coupling agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers:thermal, morphological and mechanical characterization

Lemos¹,

Pires

Albuquerque³

et al. 2017

Matéria (Rio J.)

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This study evaluates the thermal, morphological and mechanical behavior of polypropylene (PP) composite with different natural fibers. The fibers used were wood, sugarcane, bamboo, babassu, coconut and kenaf with and without coupling agent. The thermal, morphological and mechanical properties were evaluated, and a composite PP+GFPP (glass fiber) was used as reference. The interaction at the interface fiber-polymer matrix was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at the fractured surface of the composites, as expected the presence of maleic anhydride (MA) as coupling agent increasedthe interaction at the interface. The influence of natural fiber in the degree of crystallinity of the composites was evaluated by DSC analysis. The samples of PP+GFPP and PP+(PP-MA)+WF (wood flour) showed better temperature stability. PP+GF also presented superior flexural modulus. The thermal dynamic mechanical behavior was evaluated by DMA, a decrease in storage modulus with increasing temperature was observed, the PP+GF and the composite containing maleic anhydride and sugarcane fiber showed higher modulus. The natural fiber biocomposites studied, consistently presented lower flexural modulus and tensile strength than the reference composite, with and without the use of coupling agent. As expected the use of natural fibers lowered the density compared to the reference material.

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The effect of reprocessing on the mechanical properties of polypropylene reinforced with wood pulp, flax or glass fibre

Cited by 53 publications

References 48 publications

Effects of Multiple Extrusions on Structure-property Performance of Natural Fiber High-density Polyethylene Biocomposites

Effects of Multiple Extrusions on Structure-property Performance of Natural Fiber High-density Polyethylene Biocomposites

Influence of reprocessing on fibre length distribution, tensile strength and impact strength of injection moulded cellulose fibre-reinforced polylactide (PLA) composites

Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers:thermal, morphological and mechanical characterization

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