The effect of repetitive exposure to intravenous anesthetic agents on the immunity in mice

Abstract

Introduction: This study was designed to assess the effect of repetitive exposure to intravenous anesthetic agents on the immunity in mice. Materials and Methods: The mice were divided into six groups: three intravenous anesthetic agents groups (dexmedetomidine, midazolam and propofol groups), and three corresponding control groups (CD, CM, and CP groups). The intravenous injections were administered once per day for 5 days. The immunity of mice was checked after the last intravenous injection. Histopathology and immunochemistry of liver and kidneys were evaluated. Cytokine levels in the blood was also checked. vs. evaluated with cytokine levels in the blood. Results: Cluster of differentiation (CD)4 + T cells were significantly less expressed in dexmedetomidine and propofol groups, compared with the corresponding control groups [34.08 ± 5.63% in the dexmedetomidine group vs. 59.74 ± 8.64% in the CD group, p < 0.05; 25.28 ± 7.28% in the propofol group vs. 61.12 ± 2.70% in the Cp group, p < 0.05]. Apoptosis of CD4 + T cells was increased significantly in dexmedetomidine and propofol groups, compared with the corresponding control groups. Histopathological findings of liver and kidneys did not show any specific differences of any of three intravenous anesthetic agents groups with their corresponding control groups, although immunohistochemical examination indicated significantly lower expression of Toll-like receptor-4 from liver and kidneys in dexmedetomidine and propofol groups. The cytokine levels were not different between the groups. Conclusion: Repetitive exposure to dexmedetomidine and propofol reduced the expression of CD4 + T cells but did not induce any significant liver or kidney injuries.

Immune response in fluid therapy with crystalloids of different ratios or colloid for rats in haemorrhagic shock

“…After approval by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of the Konkuk University (approval number: KU2017094) on September 04 2017, .all experiments, following the IACUC guidelines, were conducted at the Konkuk University Laboratory Animal Research Center. All procedures from Experiment design to Statistics in Materials and Methods were standardized by our institutional protocols, and followed our previous studies [8][9][10] . The data used to support the findings of the study are available from the corresponding author (Seong-Hyop Kim, yshkim75@daum.net) upon request.…”

“…As described in previous studies 9,10 , anaesthesia was performed. Anaesthesia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 20 µg/g xylazine (ROMPUN, Bayer Korea Ltd., Seoul, Korea) and checked by pinching the hind foot.…”

“…As described in previous studies [8][9][10] , histopathological analyses were performed. Tissues were fixed overnight at 25 °C in 4% paraformaldehyde solution (Biosesang, Seongnam, Korea) and embedded in paraffin blocks.…”