The Effect of Removal of Extraradical Hyphae on Water Uptake by Vesicular‐arbuscular Mycorrhizal Plants

Hardie, Kay

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1985.tb02873.x

Cited by 127 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The capacity of hyphae to Canada to Line Lapomte. absorb significant water volumes is questioned by some authors (Levy & Krikun, 1980;Fitter, 1988) REEERENCES but is supported by others (Hardie, 1985;Faber, . ",, …”

Section: Effects Of the Presence Of Mycorrhizas On Plant Growth Undermentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs and benefits of mycorrhizal infection in a spring ephemeral, Erythronium americanum

Lapointe

Molard

1997

New Phytologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYSpring ephemerals have evolved specific growth strategies that take advantage of the high photon Huence rates of early spring. These strategies involve a sequential growth of different organs. Erythronium americanum (KerGawl), a common spring ephemeral of northern maple forests, produces its roots in the autumn, although stems and leaves develop in the spring. Mycorrhizal infection of the root system occurs very rapidly and intensively. The fungi thus depend on carbohydrate reserves accumulated in the eorm (underground reserve organ) for their growth and development through the winter. We found that the presence of mycorrhizas drastically decreases root growth during the cold period and is more costly of carbohydrate reserves than root growth alone. However, during the spring, the presence of mycorrhizas fully benefits the plant: we measured an annual growth rate of mycorrhizal plants twice that of fungicide-treated plants which were non-mycorrhizal. We suspect that E. americanum is highly susceptible to water stress during the growing season and might rely on its mycorrhizas for water supply to a greater extent than for nutrient supply. Nutrient uptake might occur mainly in the autumn when arbuscules are at their most abundant.

show abstract

Section: Effects Of the Presence Of Mycorrhizas On Plant Growth Undermentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs and benefits of mycorrhizal infection in a spring ephemeral, Erythronium americanum

Lapointe

Molard

1997

New Phytologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At the lowest moisture level (0.6 FC) the fungus Ge was more efficient than Gm in maintaining high leaf RWC (Figs 1, 2). Hardie (1985) reported that AM fungal hyphae with a diameter of 2-5 µm can penetrate soil pores inaccessible to root hairs (10-20 µm diameter) and so absorb water that is not available to non-mycorrhizal plants. Faber et al (1991) measured rates of water transport by AM fungal hyphae ranging from 375 to 760 nL H 2 O h −1 .…”

Section: Relative Water Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is now accepted that the contribution of AM symbiosis to plant drought tolerance is the result of accumulative physical, nutritional, physiological and cellular effects (Ague, 2001). The pioneer studies of Allen (1982) and Hardie (1985) indicated a possible role of AM fungal in water uptake and transfer to the host plant. Allen (1991) estimated that the rate of water transport by extraradical hyphae to the root was 0.28 ng s −1 per entry point, a level sufficient to modify plant water relations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium japonicum on drought stress of soybean

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mycorrhizal symbiosis can potentially improve water uptake by plants. In a controlled pot culture experiment, soybean plants were inoculated with two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus mosseae (Gm) or Glomus etunicatum (Ge), or left non-inoculated (NM) as control in a sterile soil. Four levels of soil moisture (Field capacity, 0.85 FC, 0.7 FC, 0.6 FC) in the presence or absence of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum, were applied to the pots. Relative water content (RWC) of leaf at both plant growth stages (flowering and seed maturation) decreased with the dryness of soil; RWC was higher in all mycorrhizal than non-mycorrhizal plants irrespective of soil moisture level. At the lowest moisture level (0.6 FC) Ge was more efficient than Gm in maintaining high leaf RWC. Leaf water potential (LWP) had the same trend as RWC in flowering stage but it was not significantly influenced by decrease in soil moisture to 0.7 FC during seed maturation stage. Seed and shoot dry weights were affected negatively by drought stress. Mycorrhizal plants, however had significantly higher seed and shoot dry weights than non-mycorrhizal plants at all moisture levels except for seed weight at 0.6 FC. Root mycorrhizal colonization was positively correlated with RWC, LWP, shoot N and K, and seed weight, implying improvement of plant water and nutritional status as a result of colonization. Regardless of moisture treatments, bacterial inoculation caused a significant enhancement in N content and the highest N occurred in rhizobial inoculated plants at 0.85 FC and 0.7 FC. Shoot K was enhanced considerably by both bacterial and fungal inoculations, particularly in plants with dual inoculations where the highest shoot K levels were found. The relatively higher shoot and seed dry weights in plants inoculated with both G. etunicatum and B. japonicum could be ascribed to their higher RWC and LWP, suggesting that drought avoidance is main mechanism of this plant-microbe association in alleviation of water stress in soybean.

show abstract

“…In addition to the possibility of direct hyphal contributions to root water uptake (Hardie 1985;Faber et al 1991;Ruiz-Lozano and Azcón 1995), soil hyphae may increase soil-to-root contact in drying soils (e.g., Reid 1979;Fitter 1985;Davies et al 1992). Root and soil shrinkage creates gaps between the root and the soil, which can decrease water absorption (e.g., Nobel and Cui 1992).…”

Section: Testing Contributions Of Soil Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular mycorrhizae and soil/plant water relations

Augé¹

2004

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

353

165

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Augé, R. M. 2004. Arbuscular mycorrhizae and soil/plant water relations. Can. J. Soil Sci. 84: 373-381. The water relations of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plants have been compared often. However, virtually nothing is known about the comparative water relations of AM and nonAM soils or about the relative influence of AM colonization of soil vs. AM colonization of plants on host water balance. In this review, I summarize findings that support the assertion that colonization of soil may play as important a role as colonization of roots regarding how AM symbiosis affects the water relations of host plants. We observed a slight but significant AM effect on the soil moisture characteristic curve of a Sequatchie fine sandy loam following 7 mo of mycorrhization by Glomus intraradices/Vigna unguiculata. In a separate study, few AM effects on either the wet or dry hysteretic curves were discernible after 12 mo of mycorrhization by G. intraradices or Gigaspora margarita on roots of Phaseolus vulgaris. Using myc-bean mutants, we determined that about half of the considerable promotion of stomatal conductance by G. intraradices and Gi. margarita was attributable to soil colonization and about half to plant colonization. A path analysis modeling approach revealed that soil hyphal colonization had larger direct and total effects on dehydration tolerance of bean than did root hyphal colonization or several other soil or plant variables. Key words:Mycorrhizal symbiosis, soil moisture characteristic, stomatal conductance, water relations Augé, R. M. 2004. Les mycorhizes à arbuscules et leurs liens avec la teneur en eau dans le sol ou la plante. Can. J. Soil Sci. 84: 373-381. On compare souvent les relations hydriques des plantes colonisées par les mycorhizes à arbuscules (MA). Toutefois, on ignore presque tout des relations hydriques des sols à MA et sans MA et de l'influence relative de la colonisation du sol par les MA sur le bilan hydrique de l'hôte par rapport à la colonisation des plantes par les MA. Dans cet article, l'auteur résume les constatations étayant l'affirmation que la colonisation du sol pourrait s'avérer aussi importante que la colonisation des racines quant à l'incidence des MA symbiotiques sur les rapports de la plante hôte avec l'eau. Après sept mois de colonisation par les mycorhizes de Glomus intraradices/Vigna unguiculata, on observe une légère mais significative incidence des MA sur la courbe des paramètres hydriques dans un fin loam sablonneux Sequatchie. Dans le cadre d'une autre étude, les MA ont eu peu d'effets discernables sur la courbe de l'hystérésis en sol sec ou humide après 12 mois de colonisation des racines de Phaseolus vulgaris par les mycorhizes de G. intraradices ou de Gigaspora margarita. L'utilisation de haricots mutants de type myc-révèle qu'on doit environ la moitié de la très forte promotion de la conductance des stomates par G. intraradices et Gigaspora margarita à la colonisation du sol et l'autre moitié à la colonisation de la plante. L'analyse causale par modélisation indique que ...

show abstract

The Effect of Removal of Extraradical Hyphae on Water Uptake by Vesicular‐arbuscular Mycorrhizal Plants

Cited by 127 publications

References 21 publications

Costs and benefits of mycorrhizal infection in a spring ephemeral, Erythronium americanum

Costs and benefits of mycorrhizal infection in a spring ephemeral, Erythronium americanum

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium japonicum on drought stress of soybean

Arbuscular mycorrhizae and soil/plant water relations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About