The effect of rejuvenation of Aspen Parkland ecoregion grass-legume pastures on botanical composition

Lardner, H.A.; Wright, S. B. M.; Cohen, R. D. H.; Curry, P.; MacFarlane, L.

doi:10.4141/p00-076

Can. J. Plant Sci.

2001

DOI: 10.4141/p00-076

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The effect of rejuvenation of Aspen Parkland ecoregion grass-legume pastures on botanical composition

H.A. Lardner¹,

S. B. M. Wright²,

R. D. H. Cohen³

et al.

Abstract: L. 2001. The effect of rejuvenation of Aspen Parkland ecoregion grass-legume pastures on botanical composition. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: 673-683. A 3-yr study was conducted at five different sites in the Aspen Parkland of Saskatchewan to determine the effect of spiking, burning, mowing, deepbanding (Trt) and applications of N, P, K and S liquid and granular fertilizers (Fert) on changes in botanical composition of predominantly smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) pastures e… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…This may be because North American farmers tend to manage animals so that additional forage resulting from fertilization is underutilized (Beaton and Berger 1974). Nitrogen fertilizer has also been shown to be beneficial in rejuvenating old "sod bound" stands of crested wheatgrass (Knowles and Kilcher 1983) and other pastures (Lardner et al 2000(Lardner et al , 2001.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and residual effects of nitrogen fertilizer applied to grass pasture on production of beef cattle in central Saskatchewan

Cohen¹,

Wright²,

Thomas³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2004. Current and residual effects of nitrogen fertilizer applied to grass pasture on production of beef cattle in central Saskatchewan. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 84: 91-104. Four rates of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg N ha -1 ) were applied for 4 yr to two replications of a 32-yr-old crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum) pasture at Lanigan, Saskatchewan, after which no fertilizer was applied for a further 4 yr. The pastures were grazed by pregnant yearling Hereford heifers using a "put-and-take" stocking system. Soil cores (0-60 cm) were taken to monitor soil NO 3 -N concentrations either in early spring, before grass growth commenced, or in late fall, after grass growth had ceased. Pasture measurements included available forage at the start of the grazing season, total forage production and the concentrations of crude protein, acid detergent fiber (ADF), ash, Ca, P, Mg, K, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn. Heifers, fistulated at the esophagus, were used in 1984 and 1985 to obtain samples of the grazed herbage, which were analyzed for organic matter digestibility (OMD), protein and minerals, except P and K. Heifer intakes of digestible organic matter (DOMI), protein and minerals, except P and K, were estimated from their concentrations in fistula extrusa and estimates of intake obtained from extrusa digestibility and fecal output using Cr 2 O 3 as a fecal marker. Phosphorus intake was estimated from fecal P concentration. Plasma samples were also collected and analyzed for concentrations of minerals.Soil NO 3 -N concentrations increased during the years of fertilizer application. One year after fertilizer application at 50 kg N ka -1 ceased, soil NO 3 -N was not significantly different from the control (P > 0.05) but soil NO 3 -N concentrations remained elevated for 4 yr following cessation of fertilizer applications on the 100 and 200 kg N ha -1 treatments (P < 0.05). Total forage production was increased by fertilizer application, but the magnitude of the response was determined by the amount of rainfall during the growing season (P < 0.001). Following cessation of fertilizer applications, the forage available at the start of three of four grazing seasons remained elevated by previous fertilizer applications (P < 0.05). Fertilizer increased the number of animal grazing days (AGD) and total livestock production (P < 0.05) in each year of application and in 3 of the 4 yr following withdrawal of fertilizer applications, the degree of the response depended on rainfall, but had no effect on the average daily gain of the heifers in any year (P > 0.05).Fertilizing crested wheatgrass pastures had little affect on the nutrition of the grazing heifers but plant maturation decreased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of most nutrients. The total utilization of nutrients was increased with increasing increments of fertilizer because of the increased stocking rates (AGD). It is therefore suggested that if the benefits of fertilizer application are to be captured it is important to increase the stocking rate. There was evidence of ...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and residual effects of nitrogen fertilizer applied to grass pasture on production of beef cattle in central Saskatchewan

Cohen¹,

Wright²,

Thomas³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Intake (g d -1 , g d -1 kg -0.75, g DOM d -1 kg -0.75 ) of early-harvested forage from the burn plots was greater (P < 0.01) than hay from the control plots. Lardner et al (2001) reported increased (P < 0.05) alfalfa composition in burn plots compared to control in the year following treatment. Finally, intake of hay from fertilized and burn plots at the Black soil site (early harvest) differed (P < 0.01) from control plot hay for DMI and DOMI.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Manipulation of forage species with herbicides and fertilizer methods has affected forage nutritive value and animal performance (Haferkamp et al 1993;Berg and Sims 1995). Carryover effects from fertilization on forage quality (Lardner et al 2000) or burning on legume composition (Lardner et al 2001) need to be examined further. Therefore, studies were conducted to determine animal responses to changes in forage nutritive value as a result of three methods of rejuvenation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pastures at both sites were long established stands of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) with invasive composition of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) (Lardner et al 2001). At both sites in the spring of 1994, six rejuvenation treatments were applied to four 0.63 ha (replicate) blocks: (i) an unfertilized control; (ii) spring burn; (iii) flail mow; (iv) spike; (v) deep-band and (vi) deep-banded liquid fertilizer (100 kg N ha -1 , 45 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 , 23 kg K 2 O ha -1 , 12 kg S ha -1 ) applied at a rate of 350 kg ha -1 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may have been associated with increased alfalfa component of forage from the burn plots (Lardner et al 2001). Other workers have also reported higher DMI of forage diets with increased legume component in the mixture (Hunt et al, 1985).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rejuvenation affects nutritive value of long-established tame forages

Lardner¹,

Wright²,

Cohen³

et al. 2002

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

Self Cite

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L. 2002. Rejuvenation affects nutritive value of long-established tame forages. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 82: 621-626. Rejuvenation of forage stands is probably the most economic and practical method to improve production and quality of forage stands. Animal data are ultimately needed to validate the viability of the rejuvenation technique. This study determined animal responses to changes in forage nutrient composition following three methods of rejuvenation. Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay was harvested from rejuvenated plots on Black Chernozemic and Gray Luvisolic soils in Saskatchewan and fed to 24 ram lambs. The hay was harvested at two stages of maturity from plots that underwent the following rejuvenation techniques, selected to provide a range of responses: deep-banded liquid plus broadcast granular fertilizer (providing 200 kg N ha -1 , 90 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 , 46 kg K 2 O ha -1 , 24 kg S ha -1 ), spring burn, and control. As maturity advanced, digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) (g d -1 kg -0.75 ) decreased (P < 0.05) for all diets harvested from burn and fertilizer plots. DMI (g d -1 ) and DOMI were always greater (P < 0.05) for hay (both early or late harvest) from the rejuvenated plots than from control plots. Grass-legume hay harvested early from spring burn treatment from the Gray Luvisolic soil site had a greater (P < 0.05) voluntary intake, (85.4 g d -1 kg -0.75 ) as compared with forage from control plots (76.2 g d -1 kg -0.75 ). Apparent digestibilities of DM and organic matter were greater (P < 0.01) for early harvested forage from control plots at the Gray Luvisolic soil site than early harvested hay from the fertilized plots. Metabolizable energy content was higher (P < 0.05) for early harvested hay from burn and fertilized plots at the Black soil site than hay from control plots. These results suggest that existing forage species, if harvested early, can be responsive to rejuvenation, resulting in improved animal performance. Le rajeunissement est sûrement la façon la plus commode et économique d'améliorer le rendement et la qualité des peuplements fourragers. Cependant, on a besoin de données sur les animaux pour valider l'utilité de cette technique. L'étude devait jauger la réaction des animaux à la composition nutritive des fourrages après application de trois techniques de rajeunissement. On a récolté du brome inerme (Bromus inermis L.) et de la luzerne (Medicago sativa L.) sur les parcelles de tchernoziom noir et de luvisol gris de la Saskatchewan rajeunies puis on en a servi le foin à 24 jeunes béliers. La coupe s'est effectuée à deux stades de maturité, sur les parcelles rajeunies comme suit, sélectionnées de manière à donner des réactions variables : épandage d'un engrais liquide en bande profonde et d'un engrais granulaire à la volée (à raison de 200 kg de N, de 90 kg de P 2 O 3 , de 46 kg de K 2 O et de 24 kg de S par hectare), brûlis au printemps et parcelle témoin. À mesure que la culture gagne en maturité, la quantité de matière organique ...

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Northern temperate pastures exhibit divergent plant community responses to management and disturbance legacies identified through a producer survey

Pyle

Hall

Bork

2021

Applied Vegetation Science

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Questions: Does plant composition differ among grasslands having divergent disturbance and management histories? Which vegetation attributes and disturbances specifically influence rangeland health? Location: Northern temperate pastures in the Central Parkland and adjacent Boreal natural regions of central Alberta, Canada. Methods: Plant composition and rangeland health data from 102 pastures were related to disturbance history acquired from retrospective producer surveys. Health assessments evaluated indicators such as vegetation composition, hydrologic function, and site stability. Producers were asked to identify pasture history (e.g., last cultivation date, whether fire had occurred), contemporary grazing actions (timing of use, grazing systems, type of livestock), and other management activities (i.e. herbicide application, manure spreading). Results: Cultivation and burn history were the primary drivers of vegetation differences, where previously cultivated pastures were dominated by introduced, naturalized grasses, eliminating most native species. Remnant non-cultivated grasslands were occupied by a mix of native and invasive plant species. Grazing system had limited impact on vegetation composition due to uniformly high livestock stocking. Plant composition corresponded with gradients in rangeland health, where the latter declined with increased stocking rate and supplemental feeding on pasture. Greater health was characterized by increased cover of graminoids (primarily introduced forages), abundant litter, low plant richness, and reduced stocking rates. Other land management activities had comparatively less impact on the composition and health of these grasslands. Conclusions: Conversion of native grassland and forest in this region has a strong legacy effect on vegetation. Management actions associated with high stocking rates and supplemental feeding lowered rangeland health.

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The effect of rejuvenation of Aspen Parkland ecoregion grass-legume pastures on botanical composition

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

Current and residual effects of nitrogen fertilizer applied to grass pasture on production of beef cattle in central Saskatchewan

Current and residual effects of nitrogen fertilizer applied to grass pasture on production of beef cattle in central Saskatchewan

Rejuvenation affects nutritive value of long-established tame forages

Northern temperate pastures exhibit divergent plant community responses to management and disturbance legacies identified through a producer survey

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