The Effect of Regular Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Way, Kimberley L.; Hackett, Daniel; Baker, Michael K.; Johnson, Nathan A.

doi:10.4093/dmj.2016.40.4.253

Cited by 146 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(178 reference statements)

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“…Various studies of insulin-resistant patients have shown that exercise improves lipid oxidation and insulin sensitivity (Way, Hackett, Baker, & Johnson, 2016), which is probably due to the fact that exercise modulates insulin resistance through increasing the insulin receptor, glucose transport proteins (GLUT4), and glycogen synthase; improving intracellular insulin signaling; increased activity of PI3K or AKT/PKB; improved AMPK signal; and increased delivery of glucose to the muscle, (Richter & Hargreaves, 2013 in order to enhance the mitochondrial fusion process and to reduce or maintain the levels of expression of mitochondrial fission proteins (Greene et al, 2015). However, exercise training, by improving insulin sensitivity in the cells, led to a significant decrease in insulin resistance and glucose levels in rats.…”

Section: Creased the Results Of Various Studies Have Shown That The mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of endurance training with crocin consumption on the levels of MFN2 and DRP1 gene expression and glucose and insulin indices in the muscle tissue of diabetic rats

et al. 2019

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This study aimed to investigate the effect of crocin consumption, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and low-intensity continuous training (LICT) and their interactive effect on the gene expression of Mfn2 and Drp1 in the skeletal muscle and serum glucose and insulin indices in high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Fifty-six adult rats were divided into eight groups of seven subjects: crocin consumption, HIIT, LICT, HIIT with crocin, LICT with crocin, diabetic control, healthy control, and sham (placebo). At the end of the course (5 months), metabolic indices were measured. Moreover, the Mfn2 and Drp1 gene expression levels in all groups were measured using RT-PCR. The statistical analysis showed that in the exercise training (HIIT and LICT) and the crocin consumption groups, the glucose and insulin indices significantly improved (p = .005). Moreover, in these groups, the levels of gene expression of Mfn2 and Drp1 significantly increased and decreased, respectively (p = .001). Exercise training and crocin consumption appear to, either in combination or individually, have a beneficial effect on mitochondrial dynamics and diabetes by improving the mitochondrial fusion and fission indices (Mfn2 and Drp1), and by modifying the insulin resistance index and glucose homeostasis. Practical applicationsMfn2 and Drp1, as the main regulators of the mitochondrial fusion and fission, play an important role in maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and type 2 diabetes. Thus, the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics is an intricate process that retains the balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion, and any disturbance in this balance can lead to mitochondrial-associated diseases including insulin resistance and T2D. There is evidence that herbal antioxidants Including crocin and exercise training help improve the mitochondrial activity and insulin sensitivity in T2D. Considering the importance of the two Drp1 and Mfn1 genes in the mitochondrial dynamic pathway and coding the proteins that play a key role in relation to T2D, this study primarily examined the interactive effects of endurance training (HIIT and LICT) along with crocin consumption on the expression the genes mentioned above; the results obtained in this study can provide a new approach to the treatment of HFD + STZ-induced diabetic rats. K E Y W O R D Scrocin, Drp1, Mfn2, T2D, training

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Section: Creased the Results Of Various Studies Have Shown That The mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of endurance training with crocin consumption on the levels of MFN2 and DRP1 gene expression and glucose and insulin indices in the muscle tissue of diabetic rats

et al. 2019

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“…An interesting observation was that almost all studies reporting on sodium recommended adequate, increased or ad libitum intakes, which is in conflict with national public health recommendations . Additionally, the benefits of physical activity for improving insulin sensitivity in adults with T2D have been analysed previously . The variability in T2D populations (eg, age, sex, diabetes duration, comorbidities) across the included studies was also beyond the scope of the present analysis and should be considered in future reviews.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…75 Additionally, the benefits of physical activity for improving insulin sensitivity in adults with T2D have been analysed previously. 95 The variability in T2D populations (eg, age, sex, diabetes duration, comorbidities) across the included studies was also beyond the scope of the present analysis and should be considered in future reviews.…”

Section: Ad Libitum Energy Prescriptions Included Those In Which Partmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evidence‐based approach to developing low‐carbohydrate diets for type 2 diabetes management: A systematic review of interventions and methods

Turton

Brinkworth

Field

et al. 2019

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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Aim To identify core diet and delivery components of low‐carbohydrate (CHO) diets that have demonstrated efficacy for type 2 diabetes (T2D) management. Materials and methods MEDLINE, Pre‐MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library of Controlled Trials databases were systematically searched from inception until August 18, 2018. Primary intervention studies of low‐CHO diets (≤130 g/d or 26% total energy intake [TEI]) were included. Content analysis was performed on the low‐CHO diet protocols classified as safe and effective for T2D management. Results A total of 41 studies published between 1963 and 2018 were included, of which 40 were classified as safe and effective for inclusion in the primary analysis. Thirteen studies (13/40) were on very‐low‐CHO diets (<50 g/d), 14/40 included low‐CHO diets (≤130 g/d or 26% TEI), and 13/40 were adapted according to participant progress. Thirty‐one studies reported a total energy prescription, of which 18/31 encouraged ad libitum intakes. Twenty studies reported a prescribed dietary fat amount, of which 18/20 were unrestricted or high‐fat (>35% TEI). Twenty‐six studies reported a prescribed dietary protein amount, of which 22 were unrestricted or were high‐protein (>25% TEI). The types of dietary CHO, fat and protein recommended were predominantly whole foods. Common delivery methods reported were dietician and/or physician involvement, moderate to high frequency of contact (≥1 session/month) and use of participant self‐monitoring. Conclusions Multiple approaches for developing and delivering a low‐CHO diet intervention for T2D management are safe and effective. A comprehensive set of core dietary components to consider in the formulation of low‐CHO diet protocols were identified for use in clinical practice and to inform evidence‐based guidelines for T2D management.

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“…The process unleashed by physical inactivity and inadequate feeding, over time, causes changes in body composition that lead to the development of diseases and comorbidities associated with them [6,9,29,30]. In this way, the excess of fat, dyslipidemias and insulin resistance can promote the accumulation of fat in the liver, known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [4,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver by Metabolic Reduction: Phototherapy in Association with Aerobic Plus Resistance Training In Obese Man - A Pilot Study

Aquino¹,

Carbinatto²,

Moriyama³

et al. 2017

J Obes Weight Loss Ther

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The excessive body fat, one of the results of obesity, brings with it comorbidities such as lipid changes, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus type 2 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this controlled and randomized pilot study, as a non-pharmacological and non-invasive strategy, we consider two groups during 8 weeks: the use of moderate intensity physical exercise and nutritional education, as control group (n=10) and moderate intensity physical exercise, nutritional education and phototherapy (n=10), as phototherapy group. The used phototherapy parameters were: laser Ga-Al-As, wavelength 808 nm, continuous mode, output power 100 mW, and total energy delivery 92.16 J. Selected patients were men with age between 20 and 40 years old, primary obesity, body mass index (BMI) between 30 and 34.9 kg/m 2 . The special device as described in the text was applied, allocated in the anterior region and posterior region of body during 5 minutes each side, totalizing 10 minutes of application of light, always at the end after session of exercise. Comparing the control group in relation to the phototherapy group, the better results were obtained for the phototherapy group, with statistical difference in all anthropometric variables, such as the increase of 3.54% (p<0.007) in total skeletal muscle mass; as well as, 2.77% (p<0.005) in the basal metabolic rate body; 5.47% (p<0.04) for metabolic progress; reduction of 4.67% (p<0.007) for body mass and reduction was also observed for total body fat, total trunk fat and visceral fat of which the phototherapy group showed the following reduction percentages: 14.3% (p<0.01), 14.7% (p<0.005) and 16.4% (p<0.03), respectively. A significant improvement was also observed in all the biochemical parameters and enzymatic analyzed, such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, the basal insulin, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase. Therefore the proposed treatment in this work suggests that the association of physical exercise, the nutritional education and phototherapy applied in obese men for two months caused great improvement in all anthropometric parameters, as well as, in all biochemistry and enzymatic parameters indicating that phototherapy is a potential instrument in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, being able to reverse the degree of steatosis in 8 weeks, besides it can be a new non-invasive treatment to obesity and its comorbidities.

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The Effect of Regular Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 146 publications

References 43 publications

The effect of endurance training with crocin consumption on the levels of MFN2 and DRP1 gene expression and glucose and insulin indices in the muscle tissue of diabetic rats

The effect of endurance training with crocin consumption on the levels of MFN2 and DRP1 gene expression and glucose and insulin indices in the muscle tissue of diabetic rats

An evidence‐based approach to developing low‐carbohydrate diets for type 2 diabetes management: A systematic review of interventions and methods

Regression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver by Metabolic Reduction: Phototherapy in Association with Aerobic Plus Resistance Training In Obese Man - A Pilot Study

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