The effect of reduced graphene oxide on the catalytic activity of Cu–Cr–O–TiO₂ to enhance the thermal decomposition rate of ammonium perchlorate: an efficient fuel oxidizer for solid rocket motors and missiles

Abstract

Schematic image of rocket having solid composite propellant modified with prepared catalyst.

Novel in situ synthesis of copper nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide and its application as a new catalyst for the decomposition of composite solid propellants

“…In accordance with the traditional electron-transfer decomposition theory of AP, 59 there are two controlling steps: the electron transfer from ClO 4 À to NH 4 + and the transformation from oxygen to superoxide. Therefore, graphene derivatives can accelerate the electron transfer reactions due to their high conductivity.…”

“…300 C with an electron transfer, which is the most accepted mechanism. 59 Finally, the high-temperature decomposition (HTD) step occurs at 415 C. Differential scanning calorimetry curves (Fig. 6) were obtained for the synthesized compounds, mixed with AP in 1, 3 and 5% wt.…”

Synthesis of Nano‐Porous Polyaniline and Investigation its Catalytic Effect on the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

“…Decomposition of AP falls out in two steps: electron transfer control (low temperature decomposition (LDT)) and proton transfer control (high temperature decomposition (HDT)) which appear with two separate peaks in the DSC thermogram …”

“…Additional electron from catalyst in LDT step caused, electron transfer process was tremendously improved. Consequently, the reaction is accelerates toward producing more decomposition products in the form of NH 3(g) and HClO 4(g) …”

“…Thermal decomposition of AP plays a key role in burning rate of propellant. Composition (presence of impurities), particle size and morphology of AP, are known as three key parameters, which determine its decomposition status ,. Mechanism of AP decomposition has been studied by numerous researchers.…”