The effect of redox changes on the magnetic susceptibility of sediments from a seasonally anoxic lake

Hilton, J.; Lishman, J.P.

doi:10.4319/lo.1985.30.4.0907

Cited by 41 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The lake is situated at latitude 54ЊN and an altitude of 65 m in a region of cool oceanic climate and high annual rainfall (ϳ2 m yr Ϫ1 ), and has been extensively used for scientific purposes. However, the majority of the chemical studies that have been carried out so far have been on trace metals and nutrients (Davison 1980;Tipping et al 1981;Davison et al 1982;Tipping and Woof 1983;Hilton and Lishman 1985;Heaney et al 1986) and studies of the trace organics in the lake have just recently begun (Sanders et al 1992;Gardner et al 1995;Gevao et al 1997;1998a,b). There is no known point source of PCBs in the catchment area.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has a surface area of 1 km 2 , maximum and mean depths of 15.5 m and 6.4 m respectively, and a hydraulic residence time of 13 weeks (Ramsbottom 1976). The choice of EW for this study stems from the fact that it has been extensively studied (Lund 1950;Bark 1981;Tipping et al 1981;Ochsenbein et al 1983;Davison and Tipping 1984;Hilton and Lishman 1985); in fact it is probably the most widely studied lake in the world. It has a catchment area to lake surface ratio of 17 : 1.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to extend these data to whole-lake budgets, information is needed concerning the lake-wide variation in sedimentation rates. Hilton et al (1986) has provided a detailed review of the sedimentary processes in EW based on 64 sediment cores collected throughout the lake. The results demonstrated that the sedimentation rate in EW increases with water depth, a characteristic commonly referred to as sediment focusing.…”

Section: Model Development and Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards a complete mass balance and model for PCBs and PAHs in a small rural lake, Cumbria U.K.

Gevao

Hamilton−Taylor

Jones

2000

Limnology & Oceanography

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This paper summarizes the processes of exchange/fluxes for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a small well-studied rural lake, Esthwaite Water in northwest England. Measurements of PCB and PAH concentrations have been made in rain, air, water, dated sediment cores, and sediment trap samples over a 2-yr study period and used to determine fluxes to and from the lake. A steady state mass balance model was used to construct an input-output budget for the chemicals and to investigate the relative importance of transport into and out of the lake. The hydraulic transport from the lake was the most important loss mechanism for both PCBs and PAHs. Volatilization, not sedimentation, is currently the dominant loss process for PCBs in the water column, whereas, sedimentation exceeds volatilization for PAHs. The data further suggest that the current sediment-water flux is upward for PCBs and downwards for PAHs, indicating that the sediments might be acting as a secondary source for PCBs but continue to act as a sink for PAHs. Riverine, catchment runoff, or both are believed to be the most important input for PCBs and PAHs to the lake although direct aerial deposition to the lake is also important for PCBs. Differences in the mixtures of compounds in the various compartments suggests significant fractionation of PCBs and PAHs in the air-water-sediment system in the lake.

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Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Development and Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards a complete mass balance and model for PCBs and PAHs in a small rural lake, Cumbria U.K.

Gevao

Hamilton−Taylor

Jones

2000

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…[1][2][3][4]). Moreover, they also provide a record of geomagnetic and mineral magnetic varia-tions, and, in the last 10-20 years, they have been successfully used to investigate both changes in the Earth's magnetic field and changes in magnetic mineralogy as indicators of environmental change (e.g., [5][6][7][8][9]). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral-magnetic record of Late Quaternary climatic changes in a high Alpine lake

Lanci

Hirt

Lowrie

et al. 1999

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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The magnetic properties of a sediment core from a high altitude lake in the Swiss Alps were compared with palynological and geochemical data to link climatic and mineral magnetic variations. According to pollen data, the sediments extend from the present to the Younger Dryas, i.e., they cover more than 10,000 years of environmental change in the Alps. The major change in magnetic properties corresponds to the climatic warming of the early Holocene. High-coercivity magnetic minerals that characterize the late-glacial period almost disappeared during the Holocene and the concentration of ferrimagnetic minerals increased sharply. The contribution of superparamagnetic grains also decreased in the Holocene sediments. Similar variations in SP content and coercivity, of smaller magnitude, are found in the Holocene and are interpreted to represent minor climatic variations. Comparison with the historical record of the last 1000 years confirms this interpretation. The magnetic mineralogy, the superparamagnetic contents, and the IRM intensity in the coarse-grained, late-glacial sediments are similar to those measured in the catchment bedrock. This indicates a detrital origin. The different properties and the higher concentration of magnetic minerals in the Holocene sediments are due to authigenic phases. Magnetic properties provide a high resolution record of climatic change. They are sensitive even to small variations that are not recorded in the pollen or LOI data. Magnetic parameters show fine-scale variation and constitute a valuable supplement to conventional climatic indicators.

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“…The question therefore is whether oxidation of Fe and Mn increases the magnetic output of these elements and alters their state to a fine grained magnetically enhanced material. A study by Hilton & Lishman (1985), on the effect of the oxidation of Fe upon its magnetic properties, suggests that magnetic susceptibility in fact decreases with oxidation. It is proposed therefore that the peaks visible in Fe, Mn, magnetic susceptibility and quadrature are the result of allogenic input rather than oxidation.…”

Section: Reconstruction Of the Sedimentary Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

The late Quaternary vegetational history of northwest Greece

Willis

1992

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYThe mountainous region of northwest Greece has often been cited as a possible area for the existence of temperate tree taxa during the last glacial. This series of papers examines the vegetational history and sedimentary history of two small basins in the Pindus mountain range of northwest Greece. The two basins are 18 km apart but at contrasting heights of 285 and 1800 m. The present paper describes results from the lowland basin of Gramousti lake. Techniques of pollen analysis, plant macrofossil analysis, sediment chemistry, mineral magnetics and radiocarbon dating are employed to reconstruct both the vegetational and sedimentary history of the basin. The sequence extends c. 14000 BP to c. 1000 BP. Palaeobotanical studies suggest that, during the lateglacial, vegetation in this lowland region was dominated by herbaceous taxa indicative of an open environment. Of the trees, only Quercus and Pinus were present, in low numbers. The lateglacial/postglacial transition was represented by an expansion of oak woodland and a reduction in steppe vegetation. Quercus dominated woodland persisted throughout much of the postglacial and became more diverse at c. 7500 BP with the arrival and expansion of Carpinus orientalis/Ostrya carpinifolia. Anthropogenic intervention at c. 4500 BP was probably responsible for a reduction in the oak woodland and the formation of a vegetation type similar to present day which is dominated b}' herbaceous taxa and chew-resistant shrubs such as Quercus coccifera and Paliurus spina-christi.

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The effect of redox changes on the magnetic susceptibility of sediments from a seasonally anoxic lake

Cited by 41 publications

References 7 publications

Towards a complete mass balance and model for PCBs and PAHs in a small rural lake, Cumbria U.K.

Towards a complete mass balance and model for PCBs and PAHs in a small rural lake, Cumbria U.K.

Mineral-magnetic record of Late Quaternary climatic changes in a high Alpine lake

The late Quaternary vegetational history of northwest Greece

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