The effect of re-entrainment on particle deposition

Local position of colloid clusters in a packed bed of spheres

“…The effect of particle removal is controlled by the local wall shear stress [24]. The wall shear stress in a packing is calculated by a 3D-interpolation of the velocity vectors of the complex fluid flow from the CFD simulations onto different points on a radial line to deliver tangential velocities.…”

Effect of Flow Distribution on Scale Formation in Plate and Frame Heat Exchangers

“…The removal process can occur via hydrodynamic forces causing erosion of the deposit, via thermal shock causing spalling of the deposit, and/or via chemical dissolution of the deposit. Moreover, it can be enhanced by randomly distributed turbulent bursts similar to miniature tornadoes, which eject fluid out of the region adjacent to the wall into the main fluid stream (Cleaver and Yates, 1973, 1976 …”

Sub-micron particle deposition on an isothermal horizontal rod in a turbulent flow system

“…The bursting process repeats itself and dominates the particle transport, while the particle presence may affect the mechanism by which the turbulent energy is transported from the wall region to the bulk flow. Cleaver and Yates [14] attempted to model deposition based on the available knowledge of the reported sub-layer structure and suggested that particles are carried into the laminar sub-layer by the effect of turbulent burst. Then, because of their inertia, they deviate from the fluid path and reach the surface.…”