The effect of raw material purity on the acute toxicity and laxative effect of sennosides

Marvola, Martti; Koponen, Arja; Hiltunen, R.; Hieltala, Pentti

doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1981.tb13723.x

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…The deaths occurring after excessive doses may be at tributed to diarrhoea-induced water and electrolyte losses with all their sequelae re sulting from extreme pharmacodynamic ac tivities. The calculated LD5o values corre spond to those of Marvola et al [13] who also found the LD50 in mice to be higher than 5,000 mg/kg.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Toxic Effects of Sennosides in Laboratory Animals and in vitro

Mengs¹

1988

Pharmacology

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Sennosides were tested in a wide range of toxicity studies to evaluate risk assessment. From acute studies, sennosides could be classified as only slightly toxic in rats and mice after a single oral dose. The LD₅o values were about 5,000 mg/kg in both species. The cause of death was probably due to an extensive loss of water and electrolytes following massive diarrhoea. In subacute studies with rats (max. 20 mg/kg) and dogs (max. 500 mg/kg), sennosides caused no specific local or systemic toxicity. Minor increase in kidney weight in rats was toxicologically not relevant. In a 6-month study with rats, sennosides were tolerated without specific toxic effects in doses up to 100 mg/kg. Effects on food consumption, body weight gain and some biochemical parameters as well as slight renal lesions can be interpreted as secondary effects following chronic diarrhoea. Mutagenicity tests and reproduction toxicity studies showed no abnormal results.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Toxic Effects of Sennosides in Laboratory Animals and in vitro

Mengs¹

1988

Pharmacology

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“…The accurate LD50 values for rhein-8-glucoside could not be calculated since the dose-response curve was not linear. The intravenous LDXI value of 4100 mg.kg-' for pure sennosides has already been published in our previous paper (Marvola et al 1981).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Our previous study with mice (Marvola et al 1981) showed that senna extracts used in pharmaceutical products contain undeclared components that are clearly more toxic than sennosides and that the laxative potency of these extracts is somewhat higher than that estimated on the basis of the sennoside content alone.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Laxative Potency and Acute Toxicity of Some Anthraquinone Derivatives, Senna Extracts and Fractions of Senna Extracts

Hietala¹,

Marvola

Parviainen

et al. 1987

Pharmacology & Toxicology

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This paper investigates the laxative effect and acute toxicity of certain fractions of senna extracts in mice. The same tests were also carried out with several pure anthraquinone derivatives common in senna pods. The results show that the laxative and toxic components of senna pods and senna extracts can be separated. The most potent laxative components, sennosides A + B and Fraction V (relative potencies 1 and 0.9 respectively), have the lowest toxicity (relative intravenous toxicities 1 and less than 1). Fractions with very low laxative activity (rhein-8-glucoside and Fraction IV, relative potencies 0.56 and 0.05) have the highest acute toxicity (relative toxicities 10 and 32 respectively).

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“…elsewhere in this volume). The acute toxicity of sennosides A & B was investigated in mice [32]. The LD50 for i.v.…”

Section: General Animal Datamentioning

confidence: 99%