The Effect of Process-Induced Porosity on Fatigue Properties of Ti6Al4V Alloy via High-Power Direct Energy Deposition

Lv, Hang; Zhang, Zhenlin; Li, Junjie; Liu, Yan; Chen, Hui; He, Huabing; Cheng, Jing; Chen, Yong

doi:10.3390/coatings12060822

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 27 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The vast majority of works describing the impact of inclusions on steel durability analyze hard steels, most often bearing and tool steels (this is the same group of steels) [27][28][29][30][31][32]. In these steels, almost every brittle inclusion is a structural micro-notch, which is the focus of the crack.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Distance between Fine Non-Metallic Oxide Inclusions on the Fatigue Strength of Low-Carbon Steel

Lipiński

2023

Applied Sciences

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The fatigue strength of steel is an important parameter determining the use of the alloy. Conducting material durability tests depending on the working conditions of the material requires a lot of work. Therefore, the industry knows methods to estimate the fatigue life of steel on the basis of other parameters or measurements of other mechanical properties. One of such parameters is the fatigue strength coefficient, which allows one to link the fatigue strength with the hardness results of a specific steel grade. Alloys produced in industrial conditions contain impurities that can affect the properties of steel, including fatigue strength. Impurities in steel depend mainly on the technology of its production. One of the technologies that allows one to obtain high-purity steel is by subjecting it to secondary metallurgy treatment consisting of desulfurization and refining with argon. The fatigue strength of steel depends, among other things, on the morphology of impurities. In the work, the influence of the distance between small non-metallic inclusions with a diameter of less than 2 µm on the fatigue strength of steel, expressed by the fatigue resistance factor, was assessed. The research was carried out in industrial conditions on seven independent melts of low-carbon steel capable of forming a martensite microstructure. Several dozen fatigue strength tests were carried out for each of the casts. The volume fraction, size, and distribution of pollutants were examined. It was found that the main impurity is Al2O3, with a diameter of about 1.8 µm occurring at a distance of about 12 µm. The distance between small non-metallic inclusions affects the fatigue resistance factor, and small non-metallic inclusions with a diameter of less than 2 µm hinder the destruction of high-ductility steel. The paper presents an example of the structure of non-metallic inclusions for heat, the relative volume of inclusions, the average impurity diameter and impurity spacing for impurity dimensional ranges, the impurity spacing λ for the total volume of impurities, and the bending fatigue strength coefficient tested in steel after hardening and tempering at different tempering temperatures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Distance between Fine Non-Metallic Oxide Inclusions on the Fatigue Strength of Low-Carbon Steel

Lipiński

2023

Applied Sciences

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Review on Fatigue of Additive Manufactured Metallic Alloys: Microstructure, Performance, Enhancement, and Assessment Methods

Liu,

Yu,

Guo

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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Additive manufacturing (AM), which is a process of building objects in a layer‐upon‐layer fashion from designed models, has received unprecedented attention from research and industry because it offers outstanding merits of flexibility, customization, reduced buy‐to‐fly ratio, and cost‐effectiveness. However, the fatigue performance of safety‐critical industrial components fabricated by AM is still far below that obtained from conventional methods. This review discusses the microstructural heterogeneities, randomly dispersed defects, poor surface quality, and complex residual stress generated during the AM process that can negatively impact the fatigue performance of as‐printed parts. The difference in microstructural origin of fatigue failure between conventionally manufactured and printed metals is reviewed with particular attention to the effects of the trans‐scale microstructures on AM fatigue failure mechanisms. Various methods for mitigating the fatigue issue, including pre‐process, inter‐process and post‐process treatments, are illustrated. Empirical, semi‐empirical and microstructure‐sensitive models are presented to predict fatigue strength and lifetime. Summary and outlooks for future development of the fatigue performance of AM materials are provided.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Dynamic Deformation Behavior of the Electron Beam Melted Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

Hafizoglu,

Memu,

Hamat

et al. 2024

Arab J Sci Eng

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In this study, dynamic deformation behavior of electron beam melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy and effect of initial defects on deformation process of the alloy were investigated with high strain rate experimental and numerical studies. Dynamic compression tests at the strain rates of 350, 850, 1250, 1750, 1950, and 2500/s at room temperature and at higher temperatures of 150 and 240 °C were performed using a split-Hopkinson pressure bar. Compression simulations in three dimensions (3D) with LS-Dyna software were conducted using the determined Johnson–Cook parameters of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy specimens, to assess the strain, temperature distribution during deformation. In addition, simulation studies with initial defects in the model were performed to investigate the effect of these defects on strain formation during compression. The experimental results showed that strain rates over 1250/s caused failure at 45° to the loading direction. Adiabatic shear bands were observed for the specimens compressed at the strain rates of 1250/s and higher. As strain rate increased from 1250 to 2500/s, the type of adiabatic shear band altered from deformed to transformed type. The simulation results showed that initial defects in the specimen led to formation of higher plastic strain in the direction of 45° around initial defects. This high strain might be the cause of formation of adiabatic shear band. The simulation results also indicated that void morphology could affect strain distribution in the specimen.

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The Effect of Process-Induced Porosity on Fatigue Properties of Ti6Al4V Alloy via High-Power Direct Energy Deposition

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

The Role of the Distance between Fine Non-Metallic Oxide Inclusions on the Fatigue Strength of Low-Carbon Steel

The Role of the Distance between Fine Non-Metallic Oxide Inclusions on the Fatigue Strength of Low-Carbon Steel

Review on Fatigue of Additive Manufactured Metallic Alloys: Microstructure, Performance, Enhancement, and Assessment Methods

Dynamic Deformation Behavior of the Electron Beam Melted Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

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