“…The MLR was initially found in cats to initiate locomotion and control its frequency and intensity (Shik et al, 1966). It was later identified in lamprey (Sirota et al, 2000), salamander (Cabelguen et al, 2003), stingray (Bernau et al, 1991), bird (Sholomenko et al, 1991), rat (Garcia-Rill et al, 1987), mouse (Lee et al, 2014; Roseberry et al, 2016), rabbit (Musienko et al, 2008), guinea-pig (Marlinsky and Voitenko, 1991), and monkey (Eidelberg et al, 1981; Karachi et al, 2010; Goetz et al, 2016a). In basal vertebrates, the MLR comprises the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN).…”