The effect of probiotic bacteria in culture media using organic fertilizer for population density, biomass production and nutrient quality of Phronima sp . as natural feed

Abstract

Phronima sp. is a natural feed with high nutrient content, and it can be an alternative substitute for Artemia. The existence of probiotic bacteria in culture media aims to improve water quality through biodegradation, maintain microbial balance and control pathogenic bacteria, so that nutrients in culture media can be utilized by Phronima sp. This study aimed to determine the effect of fermented organic fertilizer by probiotic bacteria in mass culture media on the population density, biomass production and nutrient content of Phronima sp. and to find the best culture media composition for mass culture of Phronima sp. The study was conducted with a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. The treatments were as follows: A: 0% chicken manure, 50% rice bran, 50% tofu waste; B: 25% chicken manure, 37.5% rice bran, 37.5% tofu waste; C: 50% chicken manure, 25% rice bran, 25% tofu waste; D: 75% chicken manure, 12.5% rice bran, 12.5% tofu waste and E: 100% chicken manure. The test animals were Phronima sp., and during cultivation, fertilization was carried out every 3 days. Population density and biomass were observed, and proximate analysis, amino acid profile analysis and fatty acid profile analysis were performed. The highest population density was at treatment B, with a peak population of 98 individuals/L that occurred on the 16th day of maintenance culture, and the highest biomass of 0.51 g was at the same treatment. The highest nutrient content was obtained at treatment B, for which the highest protein proximate analysis value was 58.90%, the proportion of the fatty acids comprised of eicosapentaenoic acid was 7.53%, and lysine amino acids were found at 44.16 ppm.

Growth performance and nutritional quality enrichment of Phronima pacifica by Chlorella vulgaris and Chaetoceros calcitrans as natural feed

“…The results of this study were lower than those of Herawati et al (2020), wherein the mass culture of Phronima sp. used a culture media in the form of fermented organic waste, which resulted in a density of 98 ind./L and biomass production of 0.51 g over 35 d of rearing.…”

“…EPA fatty acids function as a basic substrate in the formation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and help to avoid blood clotting. The results of this study were higher than those of Herawati et al (2020), wherein a P. pacifica mass culture using fermented organic waste from probiotic bacteria as feed had an EPA content of 5.95%. PUFAs are an important nutrient for the formation of LC-PUFAs, such that it could form or be able to produce EPA and DHA and help avoid blood clotting.…”

“…Each P. pacifica treatment experienced the highest phase on the 12 th d of maintenance, before eventually declining in number until the 18 th d. Growth patterns in this study exhibited faster maintenance time for the growth of Phronima sp. compared to that of Fattah et al (2014), who obtained results that increased until the 17 th d and decreased until the 24 th d, as well as that of Herawati et al (2020), who obtained populations that increased until the 16 th d and decreased until the 36 th d. Phronima pacifica experienced an increase in population density and then decreased significantly. This could be caused by individuals that had entered the phase of death.…”

“…as a natural feed substitute for tiger shrimp aquaculture (Penaeus monodon) and Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae. Research conducted by Fattah et al (2014) reported a survival rate of more than 80% and Herawati et al (2020) using Phronima for vanname shrimp reported a survival rate of 95%. B I OD I V E R S I TA S 21 (9): 4253-4259, September 2020 4254 Amphipoda belongs to zooplankton, which is a natural food for wild fish (Dalpadado and Bogstad 2004).…”

Effects of Caulerpa lentillifera added into culture media on the growth and nutritional values of Phronima pacifica, a natural fish-feed crustacean

“…In a food chain of aquaculture system, P. pacifica uses phytoplankton as one of the feeds in addition to bacteria and detritus in a culture media. As such, the type of culture media used greatly affects the nutritional quality of phytoplankton, bacteria and detritus which eventually affects the nutrient contents of P. pacifica (Damle and Chari 2011;Herawati et al 2020). One of such culture media is sea grape (Caulerpa lentillifera).…”