The effect of previous damage on the quality of Scots pine foliage as food for Diprionid sawflies

Niemelä, Pekka; Tuomi, Juha; Mannila, Rauno; Ojala, Pekka

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1984.tb02680.x

Cited by 62 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…and Microdiprion pallipes Fall. All defoliate droughtstressed trees (Niemela et al 1984;Lyytikainen-Saarenmaa and Tomppo 2002).…”

Section: Diprionidaementioning

confidence: 99%

Senescence‐feeders: a new trophic sub‐guild of insect herbivores

White

2014

J Applied Entomology

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Herbivorous insects that have evolved to feed on senescing tissues of plants, or the phloem flowing from those tissues, comprise a distinct sub‐guild of the major trophic guilds, the senescence‐feeders. Some senescence‐feeders have evolved the capacity to accelerate the rate at which the tissues they feed on senesce, thus enhancing the quantity and quality of their food. Other species prolong their access to good food by feeding alternatively on both senescing and flushing tissues. Senescing plant tissues release a poorer quality food more slowly than the rapid inflow to new growth. As a result, senescence‐feeders grow more slowly than equivalent flush‐feeders. Any environmental stress of a plant that hastens its rate of senescence results in faster growth and higher survival of senescence‐feeders. Senescence‐feeders therefore succeed best on damaged or stressed plants and frequently reach outbreak levels on drought‐stressed trees. If the distinctive ecology of senescence‐feeders and the way in which they differ from flush‐feeders in their response to the condition of their host plants are to be recognized and understood, it is important to identify species that belong to this separate trophic sub‐guild. Such understanding is also necessary if attempts to control or manage their attacks on crops and forests are to succeed.

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“…and Microdiprion pallipes Fall. All defoliate droughtstressed trees (Niemela et al 1984;Lyytikainen-Saarenmaa and Tomppo 2002).…”

Section: Diprionidaementioning

confidence: 99%

Senescence‐feeders: a new trophic sub‐guild of insect herbivores

White

2014

J Applied Entomology

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“…Oporinia autumnata-Betula pubescens; Lymantria dispar-Quercus robur (Wagner and Raffa, 1993)]. Niemela et al (1984) studied the short-term effects of defoliation on Neodiprion sertifer, Gilpinia virens Klug, Microdiprion pallipes Fall and Diprion pini, as well as the longterm effects on N. sertifer. They observed an increase in the mortality of M. pallipes and an increase in the rate of development of N. sertifer and G. virens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Previous herbivory alerts conspecific gravid sawflies to avoid unsuitable host plants

Valladares

Aráoz

Alderete

et al. 2019

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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AbstractThe willow sawfly, Nematus oligospilus (Förster), is a pest in Salix commercial forests and has been reported worldwide. Female adults must recognize a suitable host plant to oviposit, since her offspring lack the ability to move to another host. We evaluated the effect of conspecific herbivory on the oviposition choices of N. oligospilus females by providing damaged (DP) and undamaged (UP) plants of Salix humboldtiana, a native willow from South America, as oviposition substrates. Local and systemic effects were studied. For the local treatment, a twig from the DP with damaged leaves was contrasted to a twig from a UP in dual choice experiments. For systemic treatment, a twig from the DP with intact leaves was contrasted to a twig from a UP. We estimated the use of olfactory and contact cues by comparing volatile emission of DP and UP, and by analysing the behaviour of the females during host recognition after landing on the leaf surface. In the context of the preference–performance hypothesis (PPH), we also tested if oviposition site selection maximizes offspring fitness by evaluating neonate hatching, larval performance and survival of larvae that were born and bred on either DP or UP. Our results demonstrate that previous conspecific herbivory on S. humboldtiana has a dramatic impact on female oviposition choices and offspring performance of the sawfly N. oligospilus. Females showed a marked preference for laying eggs on UP of S. humboldtiana. This preference was found for both local and systemic treatments. Volatile emission was quantitatively changed after conspecific damage suggesting that it could be related to N. oligospilus avoidance. In the dual choice preference experiments, the analysis of the behaviour of the females once landing on the leaf surface suggested the use of contact cues triggering egg laying on leaves from UP and avoidance of leaves from DP. Furthermore, 48 h of previous conspecific feeding was sufficient to dramatically impair neonate hatching, as well as larval development and survival, suggesting a rapid and effective reaction of the induced resistance mechanisms of the tree. In agreement with the PPH, these results support the idea that decisions made by colonizing females may result in optimal outcomes for their offspring in a barely studied insect model, and also opens the opportunity for studying tree-induced defences in the unexplored South American willow S. humboldtiana.

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“…Previously, Scots pine as an evergreen conifer is considered to have low induced chemical responses to defoliation (e.g. Niemelä et al 1984, Tuomi et al 1988, Lyytikäinen 1993b. Plant defence and growth hypotheses, however, are developing continuously (Honkanen 1995, Hamilton et al 2001, Koricheva 2002, Stamp 2003.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of living crown reduction on needle element status of Scots pine

Nuorteva¹

2008

Diss. For.

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A wide range of biotic and abiotic factors, operating over different time perspectives and intensities, cause defoliation and a rapid decrease in the crown size of trees. Scleroderris canker disease [Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) Morelet] has caused widespread crown reduction and tree mortality in Scots pine in forests in Scandinavia during the last three decades. In the 1980's, attempts were made to show, on the basis of the higher foliar N and S concentrations of affected pines in the diseased area, that sulphur and nitrogen deposition predispose trees to G. abietina. Unfortunately, in many studies on defoliated trees, exceptionally high or low needle mineral nutrient concentrations are still often interpreted as one of the causes of tree injury and not, conversely, as the result. In this thesis, three different field experiments, with foliar analysis as the main study method, were conducted in order to asses the possible long-term effects of living crown reduction on the needle nutrient concentrations of Scots pine trees in southern Finland. The crown ratio and length of the living crown were used to estimate the amount of defoliation in the reduced canopies. The material for the partial studies was collected and a total of 968 foliar samples were analysed individually (15-17 elements/sample) on a total of 488 sample trees (140 diseased, 116 pruned and 232 control trees) during the years 1987-1996 in 13 Scots pine stands.All the three experiments of this thesis provided significant evidence that severe disease-induced defoliation or artificial pruning of the living branches can induce longlasting nutritional changes in the foliage of the recovering trees under the typical growing conditions for Scots pine.The foliar concentrations of all the 17 mineral nutrients/elements analysed were affected, to a varying degree, by artificial pruning during the following three years. Although Scots pine, as an evergreen conifer, is considered to have low induced chemical responses to defoliation, this study proved experimentally under natural forest conditions that severe artificial pruning or disease-induced defoliation of Scots pine trees may induce biologically significant changes in the concentrations of most of the important macro-and micronutrients, as well as of carbon, in refoliated needles.

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The effect of previous damage on the quality of Scots pine foliage as food for Diprionid sawflies

Cited by 62 publications

References 17 publications

Senescence‐feeders: a new trophic sub‐guild of insect herbivores

Senescence‐feeders: a new trophic sub‐guild of insect herbivores

Previous herbivory alerts conspecific gravid sawflies to avoid unsuitable host plants

Effects of living crown reduction on needle element status of Scots pine

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