The Effect of Pretensioning and Age on Torso Rollout in Restrained Human Volunteers in Far-Side Lateral and Oblique Loading

Evaluation of Pediatric ATD Biofidelity as Compared to Child Volunteers in Low-Speed Far-Side Oblique and Lateral Impacts

“…Two repeated trials were conducted per test condition. Volunteer testing of the 6-to 8-year-olds mirrored that described in Arbogast et al (2012) with one adaptation. Pilot testing revealed that the 6-to 8-year-old volunteers were uncomfortable removing their shirt during testing.…”

“…A comprehensive description of the human volunteer testing can be found in Arbogast et al (2012). Briefly, low-speed, noninjurious far-side oblique (60 • ) and lateral (90 • ) sled tests were conducted on healthy male pediatric volunteers between the ages of 9 and 14 years (n = 20).…”

Comparison of Q3s ATD Biomechanical Responses to Pediatric Volunteers

“…The two experiments, quasistatic shoulder experiments and lowspeed far-side sled tests, are explained in the following sections. Detailed methods as described in the original publications can be found in Suntay et al (2011) and Arbogast et al (2012).…”

“…The Q3s was positioned as described by Arbogast et al (2012). Positioning included setting the initial torso and knee flexion angles to 110 • through fore/aft adjustments to the footrest on which the Q3s feet rested.…”

“…Primary outcomes of interest for this study included (1) lateral displacement of the torso, (2) torso rollout angle projected onto the coronal and transverse planes, and (3) trajectories over time for markers on the top of the head, C4, and T1. Lateral displacement of the torso was calculated using movement of the suprasternal notch (SSN) marker (Arbogast et al 2012). Torso rollout angle was calculated as the projected angle made between the line connecting the SSN and xiphoid process and the line connecting the first and third markers on the shoulder belt (Arbogast et al 2012).…”