The effect of prepregnancy body mass index on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and dose‐response meta‐analysis

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the prepregnancy BMI on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Five electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, were searched for literature published until 1 January 2018. The two-stage, random effect meta-analysis was performed to compare the dose-response relationship between BMI and GDM.As well as studies with categorized BMI, studies that treat BMI as a continuous variable were analysed. A total of 33 observational studies with an overall sample size of 962 966 women and 42 211 patients with GDM were included in analysis. The pooled estimate of GDM risk in the underweight, overweight, and obese pregnant women was 0.68, 2.01, and 3.98 using the adjusted OR and 0.34, 1.52, and 2.24 using the adjusted RR. The GDM risk increased 4% per unit of increase in BMI with both the crude and adjusted OR/RR models. Also, the risk of GDM increased 19% with the crude model and 14% with the adjusted model. The existence of dose-response relationship between the pre-pregnancy BMI and GDM can strengthen the scientific background for vigorous public health interventions for the control of pre-pregnancy BMI as well as the weight gain during pregnancy.

Association between intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus. A retrospective analysis

“…There are many studies that confirm that weight before pregnancy has an impact on both fetus and pregnant woman. [8][9][10][11]. In our study, almost one quarter of patients with ICP and half of patients with ICP and GDM had BMI before pregnancy ≥ 25kg/m 2 .…”

Relationship between Maternal Central Obesity and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

“…This meta-analysis of 11 articles is the first study to offer convincing evidence of the relationship between increased maternal central obesity and the risk of GDM. Some metaanalyses have shown that the risk of GDM is directly related to prepregnancy BMI and pregnancy weight gain [27][28][29][30]. One study reported both the crude and adjusted ORs and RRs [30], and three other studies reported the crude and adjusted ORs or RRs of the effect of prepregnancy BMI (as a categorical variable) on the risk of GDM [36][37][38], which were adjusted for potential confounders, such as maternal age, ethnicity, family history of diabetes, education level, parity, and smoking status.…”

“…Although some studies and meta-analyses have noted a relationship between BMI and GDM [27][28][29][30], there are no general studies and agreements about central obesity. An Australian longitudinal cohort study found that SFT was an important factor in determining obesity-related risk in pregnancy [31].…”

Examining the relationship between maternal body size, gestational glucose tolerance status, mode of delivery and ethnicity on mother’s milk microbiota at three months post-partum

“…This is the first study to include maternal glucose tolerance status in the investigations of the association between maternal body size and the milk microbiota (Supplementary Table 1). Gestational diabetes, a well-known risk factor of maternal adiposity, is associated with a number of negative health outcomes, including increased risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in the mother, as well as large for gestational age, congenital malformations and hypoglycemia in the infant (25)(26)(27)(28). These changes in infant health may be partially mediated by microbes transmitted from mother to infant, from both the birthing process as well as during direct breastfeeding.…”