The Effect of Pregnancy on the Lower-limb Venous System of Women with Varicose Veins

Sparey, C; Haddad, N. G.; Sissons, G.R.J.; Rosser, S.; Cossart, Linda de

doi:10.1053/ejvs.1999.0870

Cited by 43 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…17 Also, Sparey et al found that normal veins, in spite of changes in venous diameter during pregnancy comparable with that seen in those with pre-existing venous disease, return to normal after delivery, but some VVs deteriorate during pregnancy, and this may be progressive with successive pregnancies. 18 Previously, Cornu-Thenard et al had already observed a correlation between the total number of pregnancies and the size of VVs. 19 In our study, 60% of women had a history of pregnancy; however, their presence was associated with mild to moderate CVI (C 1 -C 3 ).…”

Section: Risk Factors and Concurrent Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Reflux patterns and risk factors of primary varicose veins’ clinical severity

et al. 2013

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Objectives: Primarily, to determine the association between the clinical severity of primary varicose veins and different reflux patterns in an anatomic and haemodynamic clinical study using duplex ultrasonography (DU). Secondly, to analyse the association of clinical severity with other aspects, such as risk factors for chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and other concurrent diseases. Method: A total of 2036 limbs were evaluated using DU. Clinical status was characterized by the CEAP (clinical, aetiological, anatomical and pathological elements) classification. The degree of clinical severity was grouped into two categories, mild to moderate CVI (C 1 -C 3 ) and severe CVI, characterized by the presence of skin changes (C 4 -C 6 ). We analysed the association of the different reflux patterns with CEAP status. Results: Saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) reflux of the great saphenous vein (GSV) was associated with the most severe form of the disease (odds ratio [OR] ¼ 2.96; confidence interval [CI] 95%: 2.2-3.8), whereas competent SFJ of the GSV with reflux from proximal veins (OR ¼ 2; CI 95%: 1.4 -2.7) and the pure non-saphenous reflux (OR ¼ 4.1; CI 95%: 1.8-9.0) were associated with mild to moderate CVI. Obesity increased the frequency of severe CVI 2.7 times (OR ¼ 2.7; CI 95%: 1.6-4.6); being a woman also increased the frequency of more severe disease 1.3 times (OR ¼ 1.3; CI 95%: 1.0-1.7). Conclusion: Anatomical and haemodynamic studies by DU are postulated as a useful diagnostic tool that allow, by identifying the pattern of venous reflux of varicose pathology, characterization of the probable association to CVI clinical severity.

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Section: Risk Factors and Concurrent Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Reflux patterns and risk factors of primary varicose veins’ clinical severity

et al. 2013

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“…19 However, this is considered unlikely owing to varices often appearing during early pregnancy when the uterus is small. 20 Another theory is that an increase in circulating hormones affects venous dilation and causes valve failure. 21 Smoking was also not a significant risk factor, which is in keeping with the lack of association found in most cross-sectional studies of varicose veins.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Risk Factors for Venous Reflux in the General Population: Edinburgh Vein Study

Robertson

Evans

Lee

et al. 2014

European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery

106

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“…This may be attributed to hormonal variation from the onset of menses until menopause and during pregnancy. [15][16][17][18][19][20] The prevalence of reflux in SN and TN among all the limbs studied was 1% (9/835) and of the limbs with nonsaphenous vein reflux 10.7% (9/84).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%