The Effect of Prebiotics and Oral Anti-Diabetic Agents on Gut Microbiome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials

Ojo, Omorogieva; Wang, Xiaohua; Ojo, Osarhumwese Osaretin; Brooke, Joanne; Jiang, Yiqing; Dong, Qingqing; Thompson, Trevor

doi:10.3390/nu14235139

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The main finding was the HbA1c reduction. However, no effect was significant on fasting glycemia, postprandial glycemia, BMI, and the genera of gut bacteria examined [36].…”

Section: Dietary Fibers and Microbiomementioning

confidence: 80%

Carbohydrates for glycemic control: functional and microbiome aspects

Sardá

Giuntini

2023

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition &Amp; Metabolic Care

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Purpose of reviewGlycemia goals are used as indicators of control and progression in prediabetes and diabetes. Adopting healthy eating habits is essential. It is worth considering the quality of carbohydrates to help with dietary glycemic control. The present article aims to review recent meta-analyses published in the years 2021–2022 on the effects of dietary fiber and low glycemic index/load (LGI/LGL) foods on glycemic control and how gut microbiome modulation contributes to glycemic control.Recent findingsData involving more than 320 studies were reviewed. The evidence allows us to infer that LGI/LGL foods, including dietary fiber intake, are associated with reduced fasting glycemia and insulinemia, postprandial glycemic response, HOMA-IR, and glycated hemoglobin, which are more evident in soluble dietary fiber. These results can be correlated with changes in the gut microbiome. However, the mechanistic roles of microbes or metabolites implicated in these observations continue to be explored. Some controversial data highlight the need for more homogeneity between studies.SummaryThe properties of dietary fiber are reasonably well established for their glycemic homeostasis effects, including the fermentation aspects. Findings of gut microbiome correlations with glucose homeostasis can be incorporated into clinical nutrition practice. Target dietary fiber interventions on microbiome modulation can offer options to improve glucose control and contribute to personalized nutritional practices.

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“…The main finding was the HbA1c reduction. However, no effect was significant on fasting glycemia, postprandial glycemia, BMI, and the genera of gut bacteria examined [36].…”

Section: Dietary Fibers and Microbiomementioning

confidence: 80%

Carbohydrates for glycemic control: functional and microbiome aspects

Sardá

Giuntini

2023

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition &Amp; Metabolic Care

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“…Soluble fibres have been reported to delay the emptying of the stomach and slow down the entry of glucose into the blood stream, and therefore reduce a postprandial rise in blood glucose [ 34 , 35 ]. In addition, an alteration in the production of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) that is produced in the gut and is involved in glucose metabolism may be influenced by soluble fibres [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SCFAs can regulate lipid and glucose metabolism by activating SCFA receptors in the liver and adipose tissue [ 2 , 39 , 40 ]. Acetate can directly and indirectly regulate one’s appetite and promote GLP-1 and peptide YY production, which are hormones that are produced from the L-cells of the intestine and which can suppress one’s appetite [ 35 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Planetary Health Diet with the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Related Complications: A Systematic Review

et al. 2023

Self Cite

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Background: Nutritional interventions such as the planetary health diet, which the EAT-Lancet commission proposed, may be an effective strategy for reducing type 2 diabetes risks and its associated complications. The planetary health diet demonstrates the significant role of diet in associating human health with environmental sustainability and the significance of transforming food systems in order to ensure that the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement are achieved. Therefore, the aim of this review is to examine the association of the planetary health diet (PHD) with the risk of type 2 diabetes and its related complications. Method: The systematic review was conducted in line with established guidelines. The searches were carried out in health sciences research databases through EBSCOHost. The population, intervention, comparator and outcomes framework was used in order to define the research question and the search terms. The searches were carried out from the inception of the databases to 15 November 2022. Search terms including synonyms and medical subject headings were combined using Boolean operators (OR/AND). Results: Seven studies were included in the review and four themes were identified, including incidence of diabetes; cardiovascular risk factors and other disease risks; indicators of obesity and indicators of environmental sustainability. Two studies examined the association between the PHD and the incidence of type 2 diabetes and found that high adherence to the reference diet (EAT-Lancet reference diet) was correlated with a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes. High adherence to the PHD was also associated with some cardiovascular risk factors and environmental sustainability. Conclusion: This systematic review has shown that high adherence to the PHD is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and may be associated with a lower risk of subarachnoid stroke. In addition, an inverse relationship was found between adherence to the PHD and markers of obesity and environmental sustainability. Adherence to the reference diet was also associated with lower values of some markers of cardiovascular risk. More studies are needed to fully examine the relationship between the planetary health diet, type 2 diabetes and its related conditions.

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“…Another study shows that rosiglitazone treatment cannot restore the microbiota composition in mice fed with a high-fat diet [ 72 ]. Akkermansia muciniphila may produce metabolites including propionate and butyrate [ 76 , 79 , 80 , 81 ], which are important in amplifying the PPARγ transcriptional activities involving in the alleviation of the inflammatory processes of IBD [ 1 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rosiglitazone Does Not Affect the Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwanese Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Tseng

2023

Pharmaceuticals

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Human studies on the effect of rosiglitazone on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are still lacking. We investigated whether rosiglitazone might affect IBD risk by using the reimbursement database of Taiwan’s National Health Insurance to enroll a propensity-score-matched cohort of ever users and never users of rosiglitazone. The patients should have been newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus between 1999 and 2006 and should have been alive on 1 January 2007. We then started to follow the patients from 1 January 2007 until 31 December 2011 for a new diagnosis of IBD. Propensity-score-weighted hazard ratios were estimated with regards to rosiglitazone exposure in terms of ever users versus never users and in terms of cumulative duration and cumulative dose of rosiglitazone therapy for dose–response analyses. The joint effects and interactions between rosiglitazone and risk factors of psoriasis/arthropathies, dorsopathies, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/tobacco abuse and the use of metformin were estimated by Cox regression after adjustment for all covariates. A total of 6226 ever users and 6226 never users were identified and the respective numbers of incident IBD were 95 and 111. When we compared the risk of IBD in ever users to that of the never users, the estimated hazard ratio (0.870, 95% confidence interval: 0.661–1.144) was not statistically significant. When cumulative duration and cumulative dose of rosiglitazone therapy were categorized by tertiles and hazard ratios were estimated by comparing the tertiles of rosiglitazone exposure to the never users, none of the hazard ratios reached statistical significance. In secondary analyses, rosiglitazone has a null association with Crohn’s disease, but a potential benefit on ulcerative colitis (UC) could not be excluded. However, because of the low incidence of UC, we were not able to perform detailed dose–response analyses for UC. In the joint effect analyses, only the subgroup of psoriasis/arthropathies (-)/rosiglitazone (-) showed a significantly lower risk in comparison to the subgroup of psoriasis/arthropathies (+)/rosiglitazone (-). No interactions between rosiglitazone and the major risk factors or metformin use were observed. We concluded that rosiglitazone has a null effect on the risk of IBD, but the potential benefit on UC awaits further investigation.

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The Effect of Prebiotics and Oral Anti-Diabetic Agents on Gut Microbiome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials

Cited by 18 publications

References 50 publications

Carbohydrates for glycemic control: functional and microbiome aspects

Carbohydrates for glycemic control: functional and microbiome aspects

The Association of Planetary Health Diet with the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Related Complications: A Systematic Review

Rosiglitazone Does Not Affect the Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwanese Type 2 Diabetes Patients

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