The effect of pre-treatment parameters on the quality of glass-ceramic wasteforms for plutonium immobilisation, consolidated by hot isostatic pressing

Preliminary investigation of chlorine speciation in zirconolite glass-ceramics for plutonium residues by analysis of Cl K-edge XANES

“…The HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing) cycle applied a process temperature of 1250 °C for 4 h under 103 MPa of argon gas pressure, as previously described. [5][6][7] The HIPped glass ceramics were characterised for phase assemblage, in particular for phase separation of chloride compounds, by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD: Bruker D2 Phaser, Ni filtered Cu K radiation, and Lynxeye detector) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX: Hitachi TM3030, Bruker Quantax 30 EDX system).…”

“…[1][2][3] A zirconolite glass-ceramic wasteform is under development for the immobilisation and disposal of contaminated plutonium and plutonium residues as a waste. 1,[4][5][6][7] In this wasteform, the plutonium is targeted for immobilisation by solid solution in the zirconolite phase, for which there is high confidence in long term performance, given the evidence available from natural analogues and investigation of prototype and surrogate materials. The contaminants and impurities are targeted for immobilisation within the accessory aluminosilicate glass phase, which should therefore have a high solubility for these elements.…”

The Effect of Sintering Pressure on the Wear Behavior of Bronze (85/15) Alloys Produced Using Hip Method

“…The HIP method is a process in which heat and pressure are applied at the same time to consolidate the produced material. In the consolidation process using an inert gas, the use of isostatic pressure eliminates internal porosity and thus provides condensation [1]. The HIP is a very flexible process and has many applications in a wide number of fields.…”

“…HIP cycle yields no off-gas. One does not need any system to pour out or empty the product [1,2]. Powder hot isostatic pressing (PM HIP) is a modern method used in high-rate components and complex productions (i.e.…”

Solubility, speciation and local environment of chlorine in zirconolite glass–ceramics for the immobilisation of plutonium residues

“…A zirconolite glass-ceramic wasteform, manufactured by hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) has been developed as a exible wasteform for the immobilisation of plutonium residues and stockpile material. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] In this wasteform, Pu is targeted for solid solution in the zirconolite ceramic phase, prototypically CaZrTi 2 O 7 , and the accessory albite glass phase, prototypically NaAlSi 3 O 8 , acts to incorporate feed impurities. Zirconolite was selected as the plutonium host phase due to its known chemical durability, radiation tolerance and demonstrable retention of actinides over geological timescales in mineral counterparts, see e.g.…”