The effect of practice on positive time-order errors.

Woodrow, Herbert; Stott, Leland H.

doi:10.1037/h0055057

Cited by 17 publications

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“…The over-all time error, averaged over the four inter-stimulus conditions was about 0.5 steps, and the data do not justify concluding that this was significantly different from zero. The obtained error was negative, however, and this does agree in direction with results obtained by Stott (1935), and by Woodrow and Stott (1936) for duration judgments when the standard is of 3 seconds duration.…”

Section: 00osupporting

confidence: 74%

“…(1) Specific purpose: Previous work by Stott (1935), Woodrow and Stott (1936), and others has shown that the time error for very short duration is positive, while that for longer durations is negative. The "indifference" duration, or duration where the transition occurs between positive time errors and negative time errors, is estimated to be in the range of 1 to 2 seconds.…”

Section: An Experimental Comparison Of the Up-and-down Methods And Thementioning

confidence: 99%

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Context Effects in Psychophysical Judgments (Introduction and Part 1. The Up-and-Down Method)

Kappauf¹

1963

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Section: 00osupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: An Experimental Comparison Of the Up-and-down Methods And Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Context Effects in Psychophysical Judgments (Introduction and Part 1. The Up-and-Down Method)

Kappauf¹

1963

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“…Such presentation-order effects have been observed in many types of comparisons, such as those involving brightness, heaviness, loudness, and duration (see Hellstrom, 1985). The TOE in the comparison of temporal intervals was extensively investigated in Woodrow's laboratory many years ago (see, e.g., Stott, 1935;Woodrow, 1935Woodrow, , 1951Woodrow & Stott, 1936). The duration TOE has continued to intrigue and puzzle time researchers (e.g., Allan, 1977Allan, , 1984Hellstrom, 1977Hellstrom, ,1979Hellstrom, ,1985Jamieson, 1977; Jamieson & Petrusic,…”

Section: Described What They Believed To Be a New Illusion Of Auditormentioning

confidence: 99%

A new temporal illusion or the TOE once again?

Allan

Gibbon

1994

Perception & Psychophysics

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Recently, Nakajima, ten Hoopen, and van der Wilk (1991) and Nakajima, ten Hoopen, Hilkhuysen, and Sasaki (1992) described what they believed to be a new illusion of auditory time perception. They reported that the perceived duration of a temporal interval was influenced by an immediately preceding or succeeding temporal intervaL The influence of a neighboring temporal interval on perceived duration is not a new illusion, however, but is another demonstration ofthe time-order error.Recently, Nakajima, ten Hoopen, and van der Wilk (1991) and Nakajima, ten Hoopen, Hilkhuysen, and Sasaki (1992) described what they believed to be "a new illusion of auditory time perception" (Nakajima et al., 1992, p. 504), This "new illusion" refers to data indicating that the perceived duration of a temporal interval was influenced by an immediately preceding or succeeding temporal interval. In fact, the influence of a neighboring temporal interval on perceived duration is not a new illusion, but is another demonstration of the well-known timeorder error.The time-order error (TOE) refers to the influence of the order of presentation on the comparison of successively presented stimuli. Such presentation-order effects have been observed in many types of comparisons, such as those involving brightness, heaviness, loudness, and duration (see Hellstrom, 1985). The TOE in the comparison of temporal intervals was extensively investigated in Woodrow's laboratory many years ago (see, e.g., Stott, 1935;Woodrow, 1935Woodrow, , 1951Woodrow & Stott, 1936). The duration TOE has continued to intrigue and puzzle time researchers (e.g., Allan, 1977Allan, , 1984Hellstrom, 1977Hellstrom, ,1979Hellstrom, ,1985Jamieson, 1977; Jamieson & Petrusic,The preparation of this paper was supported by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to L.G.A. and by a grant from the National Institutes of Mental Health to J.G. Correspondence can be addressed to either author: L. G. Allan, Department of Psychology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4KI (e-mail:allan@mcmaster.ca). or J. Gibbon, Biopsychology, 722 W. 168th St., New York, NY 10032. 1975a, 1975b, 1975c, 1976, 1978Petrusic, 1984;Schab & Crowder, 1988).Various psychophysical methods (e.g., forced choice, reproduction) have been used in investigations of the duration TOE. In a duration TOE experiment with the forced-choice procedure, two temporal intervals are presented sequentially on each trial: the longer interval followed by the shorter (SLS) or the shorter followed by the longer (Ssd. The subject's task is to indicate the relative durations of the two intervals: long followed by short (RLS) or short followed by long (Rsd. The TOE is the signed difference between two conditional probabilities:cates overestimation of the first interval and/or underestimation of the second; a negative TOE indicates underestimation of the first interval and/or overestimation of the second. Allan (1979) summarized the empirical fmdings regarding the duration TOE. The TOE has be...

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“…An examination of the paradigms used in the earlier studies of time-order errors in duration discrimination, revealed that biases may well have been operating. In the most commonly used task (e.g., Philip, 1947;Stott, 1935;Woodrow, 1928Woodrow, , 1935Woodrow & Stott, 1936), subjects were asked to decide whether the second duration was longer or shorter than the first. Negative time-order errors, for example, would be generated in these experiments by subjects with biases to respond "longer...…”

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confidence: 99%

Presentation order effects in duration discrimination

Jamieson

Petrusic

1975

Perception & Psychophysics

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Three separate experiments indicate that the second of a pair of durations tends to be overestimated relative to the first. These negative time-order errors are discussed as reliable perceptual phenomena, not explainable in terms of simple response biases, criterion biases, assimilation, or fading traces.Time-order errors occur when the discriminability of a pair of successivelypresented stimuli depends on the order in which the stimuli are presented. Fechner discovered and named these time-order errors, finding, for example, that he made fewer incorrect judgments with a pair of lifted weights when the lighter weight preceded the heavier than when the weights were presented in the opposite order (Woodworth, 1938). Fechner named this type of error, in which the first of a pair of stimuli was underestimated relative to the second, a negative error, and distinguished it from the positive error which occurred when the first stimulus was overestimated. Subsequently, time-order errors were reported in several modalities, including duration, line length, loudness, brightness, and taste (Needham, 1934; Woodworth, 1938). Reports of time-order errors are common in the early duration-perception literature; however, these reports are often inconsistent, with contradictions arising even within the same laboratory [see Woodrow (1951) for a review of much of the earlier work on the time-order error in duration discrimination]. A number of recent investigators, moreover, have reported finding no systematic time-order errors in duration discrimination (e.g., Allan, Kristofferson, & Rice, 1974; Creelman, 1962) or have not discussed time-order errors at all (e.g., Abel, 1972;Carbotte & Kristofferson, 1973). The most recently offered models of duration perception (Allan, Kristofferson, & Wiens, 1971; Creelman, 1962) provide no mechanism to generate time-order errors. The establishment of the . conditions under which time-order errors do occur in duration discrimination must necessarily precede the development of more comprehensive duration perception theories.Unlike earlier theories, which attributed time-order

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The effect of practice on positive time-order errors.

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Context Effects in Psychophysical Judgments (Introduction and Part 1. The Up-and-Down Method)

Context Effects in Psychophysical Judgments (Introduction and Part 1. The Up-and-Down Method)

A new temporal illusion or the TOE once again?

Presentation order effects in duration discrimination

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