The effect of powder recycling on the mechanical properties and microstructure of electron beam melted Ti-6Al-4 V specimens

Popov, V. V.; Katz‐Demyanetz, Alexander; Garkun, Andrey; Bamberger, Μ.

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2018.06.003

Cited by 71 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…V.V. Popov et al [329] studied the effect of powder recycling on Ti-6Al-4 V additive manufacturing. It was shown that as-printed samples produced from the recycled powder have dramatically decreased fatigue properties and a shortened lifetime.…”

Section: Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Critical Raw Materials in Cutting Tools for Machining Applications: A Review

et al. 2020

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A variety of cutting tool materials are used for the contact mode mechanical machining of components under extreme conditions of stress, temperature and/or corrosion, including operations such as drilling, milling turning and so on. These demanding conditions impose a seriously high strain rate (an order of magnitude higher than forming), and this limits the useful life of cutting tools, especially single-point cutting tools. Tungsten carbide is the most popularly used cutting tool material, and unfortunately its main ingredients of W and Co are at high risk in terms of material supply and are listed among critical raw materials (CRMs) for EU, for which sustainable use should be addressed. This paper highlights the evolution and the trend of use of CRMs) in cutting tools for mechanical machining through a timely review. The focus of this review and its motivation was driven by the four following themes: (i) the discussion of newly emerging hybrid machining processes offering performance enhancements and longevity in terms of tool life (laser and cryogenic incorporation); (ii) the development and synthesis of new CRM substitutes to minimise the use of tungsten; (iii) the improvement of the recycling of worn tools; and (iv) the accelerated use of modelling and simulation to design long-lasting tools in the Industry-4.0 framework, circular economy and cyber secure manufacturing. It may be noted that the scope of this paper is not to represent a completely exhaustive document concerning cutting tools for mechanical processing, but to raise awareness and pave the way for innovative thinking on the use of critical materials in mechanical processing tools with the aim of developing smart, timely control strategies and mitigation measures to suppress the use of CRMs.

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Section: Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Critical Raw Materials in Cutting Tools for Machining Applications: A Review

et al. 2020

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“…Nevertheless, diametrically opposed results were obtained by Popov et al for the same material and process. These authors stated that recycling negatively affected the manufactured parts, which presented lower elongation in tensile tests and a higher resulting dispersion [125]. Popov et al attributed these results to the loss of humidity and temperature control when recycling powder.…”

Section: Reusementioning

confidence: 99%

“…10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 16 of SEM images of (a) new Ti6Al4V powder, (b) strongly reused Ti6Al4V powder after the 69th cycle[125].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Environmental Implications of Using Metal Powder in Additive Manufacturing and Its Handling

Arrizubieta

Ukar

Ostolaza

et al. 2020

Metals

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Additive Manufacturing, AM, is considered to be environmentally friendly when compared to conventional manufacturing processes. Most researchers focus on resource consumption when performing the corresponding Life Cycle Analysis, LCA, of AM. To that end, the sustainability of AM is compared to processes like milling. Nevertheless, factors such as resource use, pollution, and the effects of AM on human health and society should be also taken into account before determining its environmental impact. In addition, in powder-based AM, handling the powder becomes an issue to be addressed, considering both the operator´s health and the subsequent management of the powder used. In view of these requirements, the fundamentals of the different powder-based AM processes were studied and special attention paid to the health risks derived from the high concentrations of certain chemical compounds existing in the typically employed materials. A review of previous work related to the environmental impact of AM is presented, highlighting the gaps found and the areas where deeper research is required. Finally, the implications of the reuse of metallic powder and the procedures to be followed for the disposal of waste are studied.2 of 25 sold in 2016 was 983, whereas, in the year 2017 this value rose to 1768 units, which implies an 80% increase [1].As far as economy and sustainability are concerned, AM offers several advantages over conventional manufacturing techniques, which confers many potential applications to AM in diverse industrial sectors, such as automotive, aerospace, biomedical, energy, and consumer goods [4]. In the aerospace industry, for example, AM enables aerospace motorists to create blades with much more complex internal cooling channels, allowing engines to run at higher temperatures and thus increase their performance [5]. In the report presented by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) of the U.S. Department of Commerce, it is stated that in aerospace engines titanium parts are machined down to size from large initial blocks, which leads to more than 90% waste material, material waste that could be reduced by using AM [6]. The European Commission in the Digital Transformation Monitor of 2017 presented similar numbers, where the disruptive nature of 3D printing was studied. It was estimated that by 2050, AM could save up to 90% of the raw material needed for manufacturing [3].Nonetheless, the possibilities of AM are not only limited to a reduction of raw material usage. The possibility of manufacturing lighter components could lead to energy savings, estimated between 5% and 25% by 2050, as well as a reduction in manufacturing costs of around 4-21% for the same period [7]. This trend is applicable to different industrial sectors. For example, SmarTech expects the overall market for AM in automotive to reach 5.3 billion USD in revenues by 2023 and to achieve 12.4 billion USD by 2028 [8].The lack of European and international standardization related to AM is proving to be an impediment to the...

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“…Traditionally, PB-AM methods are using gas-or plasma atomized powders [7,37] made from pre-alloyed material. But in cases when non-equilibrium material microstructure is desirable (like with BMG, HEA and some other materials), blends of elemental powders can be used [28,30,31,[38][39][40].…”

Section: Powder-bed Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PB-AM with the high power beams is used for different group of materials: from light metals like Aluminum [5,6] and Titanium alloys [7][8][9][10], to steels [5,[11][12][13], and even refractory Tungsten [14], Tantalum [15], Inconel [16][17][18][19][20][21], high entropy alloys (HEAs) [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] and bulk metallic glass (BMG) materials [30][31]. In special literature, the term "additive manufacturing", in relation to both metallic materials and polymers, is more common than 3D-printing commonly used in the news popular literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Powder-bed additive manufacturing for aerospace application: Techniques, metallic and metal/ceramic composite materials and trends

et al. 2019

Self Cite

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The current paper is devoted to classification of powder-bed additive manufacturing (PB-AM) techniques and description of specific features, advantages and limitation of different PB-AM techniques in aerospace applications. The common principle of “powder-bed” means that the used feedstock material is a powder, which forms “bed-like” platform of homogeneous layer that is fused according to cross-section of the manufactured object. After that, a new powder layer is distributed with the same thickness and the “printing” process continues. This approach is used in selective laser sintering/melting process, electron beam melting, and binder jetting printing. Additionally, relevant issues related to powder raw materials (metals, ceramics, multi-material composites, etc.) and their impact on the properties of as-manufactured components are discussed. Special attention is paid to discussion on additive manufacturing (AM) of aerospace critical parts made of Titanium alloys, Nickel-based superalloys, metal matrix composites (MMCs), ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) and high entropy alloys. Additional discussion is related to the quality control of the PB-AM materials, and to the prospects of new approaches in material development for PB-AM aiming at aerospace applications.

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The effect of powder recycling on the mechanical properties and microstructure of electron beam melted Ti-6Al-4 V specimens

Cited by 71 publications

References 10 publications

The Critical Raw Materials in Cutting Tools for Machining Applications: A Review

The Critical Raw Materials in Cutting Tools for Machining Applications: A Review

Study of the Environmental Implications of Using Metal Powder in Additive Manufacturing and Its Handling

Powder-bed additive manufacturing for aerospace application: Techniques, metallic and metal/ceramic composite materials and trends

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The effect of powder recycling on the mechanical properties and microstructure of electron beam melted Ti-6Al-4 V specimens

Cited by 71 publications

References 10 publications

The Critical Raw Materials in Cutting Tools for Machining Applications: A Review

The Critical Raw Materials in Cutting Tools for Machining Applications: A Review

Study of the Environmental Implications of Using Metal Powder in Additive Manufacturing and Its Handling

Powder-bed additive manufacturing for aerospace application: Techniques, metallic and metal/ceramic composite materials and trends

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The effect of powder recycling on the mechanical properties and microstructure of electron beam melted Ti-6Al-4 V specimens