The effect of powder age in high speed sintering of poly(propylene)

Williams, Rhys J.; Fox, Luke; Majewski, Candice

doi:10.1108/rpj-05-2020-0090

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Presumably, because the PET crystallises slowly, the curl was not severe enough to cause any builds to fail. This can be contrasted with Williams et al, who found that a good proportion of build failures occurred during HSS with virgin PP powder [ 25 ]. In such cases, the edges of the part area curl so heavily and protrude above the bed that the re-coater pulls them out of the powder bed surface and the manufacturing process must be aborted.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Most of the work on HSS was conducted with PA 12 (the same as with LS of thermoplastic powders). However, the feasibility of processing various elastomers [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], polymethyl methacrylate [ 24 ] and PP [ 25 ] via HSS have also been investigated. Remarkably, Hopkinson’s team also analysed and convincingly showed the economics and scalability of HSS [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Polyethylene Terephthalate Powder in High Speed Sintering

et al. 2022

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Laser Sintering (LS) was the first Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) method for polymers and it is now quite an established process for rapid prototyping and even for the production of functional parts. High Speed Sintering (HSS) is a variant of PBF which was later developed and it has the potential to be more scalable than LS. Most of the work for HSS and LS has been conducted with polyamide-12 (PA 12). This work reports the first effort to use polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in HSS. Well defined, simple and complex parts could be printed without any build failures. However, limitations were induced by current HSS machines which led to some curvature (warpage) in tensile bars after manufacturing. The reason for this was that all currently available machines for HSS are built for polymers such as polyamide 12, which means their maximum bed temperature is limited to 190 °C. This corresponds to the lower limit of processability of PET in PBF processes. The slightly curved tensile bars were straightened by heating them to 230 °C with a weight on top, and afterwards the mechanical properties were measured. The tensile modulus was similar to what was obtained with PET via LS but the strength and elongation-at-break (EAB) was lower. Microscopy showed that the reason for the lower strength and EAB was the incomplete melting of particles. This arose from the temperature limitation of the current generation of HSS machines. The porosity was established as 2.23% by helium pycnometry which is the same as for LS. The results of the thermal analysis indicated that the PET parts manufactured with HSS were semi-crystalline like the PET parts manufactured via LS.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Polyethylene Terephthalate Powder in High Speed Sintering

et al. 2022

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“…and bonding. [164,165] The working principle of HSS is to first apply a layer of required material powder, followed by the application of a radiation absorbing material (RAM) coating in the desired shape of the object. Next, the entire workspace is heated using an infrared source.…”

Section: Research Focus and Prospects Of Bjmentioning

confidence: 99%

Powder‐Based Additive Manufacturing: A Critical Review of Materials, Methods, Opportunities, and Challenges

Shanthar,

Chen,

Abeykoon

2023

Adv Eng Mater

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As a 0‐dimensional moulding material, powder particles can realise the construction of most engineering parts and can further improve the precision moulding and high‐performance manufacturing capabilities of additive manufacturing (AM). Therefore, the powder‐based additive manufacturing methods provide an outstanding practical value and development for modern manufacturing world. However, powder materials that are utilised in additive manufacturing continue to face challenges such as a lack of accessible categories, temperature restrictions, and poor performance of moulded components. Therefore, researching for new additive manufacturing materials and procedures has become one of the important and influential ways to accelerate the progress of additive manufacturing technology and also to expand its application fields. For this purpose, it is invaluable to understand and update on the current state‐of‐the‐art of powder‐based additive manufacturing technologies. Hence, this work first reviews the research background of powder‐based 3D printing in details while systematically expounding on the technologies and equipment, material types, influencing factors, existing problems and development trends of powder‐based 3D printing. In addition, the basic principles of powder‐based 3D printing were also revealed, and the formation and optimization of metal, polymer, and ceramic powders in powder‐based 3D printing equipment were explored. Throughout the last decade, powder‐based AM has gradually emerged in the fields of biomedical and aerospace, such as the construction of tissue scaffolds and the construction of aero‐engine parts, respectively. However, powder materials may have insufficient comprehensive performance due some limitations, as the control of mechanical characteristics and dimensional accuracy of powder moulded parts are still challenging during manufacturing processes. Therefore, exploring the mechanism/s of additive manufacturing of powder‐based materials, improving the mechanical properties of powder‐based AM products, and the possible directions for improving the usability of powder materials are the main focus of this paper.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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