The effect of potential resistance inducers on development of Microdochium majus and Fusarium culmorum in winter wheat

Abstract

The effect of potential resistance inducing chemicals on disease development of Fusarium head blight was studied in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). As a pre-screening test, the effect of different treatments on development of Microdochium majus (syn. Microdochium nivale var. majus) was studied in detached leaves. Based on these tests, DL-3-aminobutyric acid, Bion (benzo-(1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester), and a foliar fertilizer containing potassium phosphite were selected for further studies. Greenhouse-grown winter wheat was sprayed with aqueous solutions of the potential resistance inducers 7 days prior to Fusarium culmorum point inoculation of the heads. Disease development was registered as number of bleached spikelets per inoculated spike. Spraying plants with the foliar fertilizer reduced the disease severity of F. culmorum by up to 40%. A reduced disease development of M. majus was also observed in detached leaves pre-treated with the foliar fertilizer. When the foliar fertilizer was added to the growth medium, a reduced in vitro growth of M. majus and F. culmorum was observed, indicating that the effect on disease development is at least partly due to a fungistatic effect. No significant reduction in disease development was observed in wheat pre-treated with DL-3-aminobutyric acid or Bion, although these compounds tended to reduce disease development, especially when applied in combination with other potential resistance inducers. We conclude that spraying winter wheat with a solution containing potassium phosphite can reduce development of M. majus and F. culmorum.

Los fosfitos como alternativa para el manejo de problemas fitopatológicos

“…Thus, with this practice, we observed a growth decrease of Alternaria alternata (Reuveni et al, 2003), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Araujo et al, 2010), Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum (Hofgaard et al, 2010) …”

“…Así, mediante esa práctica se reportó disminución en el crecimiento de Alternaria alternata (Reuveni et al, 2003), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Araujo et al, 2010), Fusarium culmorum y F. graminearum (Hofgaard et al, 2010), Mycosphaerella digitatum (Cerioni et al, 2013), Phytophthora cinnamomi (Wilkinson et al, 2001;Won et al, 2009;King et al, 2010), P. cinnamomi, P. palmivora and P. nicotianae (Smillie et al, 1989), P. infestans (Bórza et al, 2014), P. plurivora (Dalio et al, 2014) and Pythium aphanidermatum, P. ultimum, P. irregulare, P. myriotylum, P. torulosum, P. volutum and P. graminicola (Cook et al, 2009). The decrease level in the microorganisms' growth as a consequence of the phosphite ion is determined by the organism tested, amount of phosphite added to the culture medium, type of ion bonded to phosphite and pH produced by the culture medium (Lobato et al, 2010).…”

“…As for interspecific susceptibility, Hofgaard et al (2010) were able to reduce Fusarium culmorum, F. graminearum and Microdochium majus mycelium growth by 60, 80 and 90%, respectively, using 10 μl ml -1 of potassium phosphite. To inhibit Phytophthora infestans in vitro growth, Lobato et al (2010) used a lower dose, followed by the dose used to inhibit Streptomyces scabies, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani growth.…”

“…En relación a la susceptibilidad interespecífica, Hofgaard et al (2010) obtuvieron disminuciones de 60, 80 y 90% en el crecimiento del micelio de Fusarium culmorum, F. graminearum y Microdochium majus, respectivamente, con 10 μl ml -1 de fosfito de potasio. Lobato et al (2010) determinaron que para inhibir el crecimiento in vitro, la dosis menor se empleó para Phytophthora infestans, seguida de la usada para inhibir a Streptomyces scabies, Rhizoctonia solani y Fusarium solani.…”

Effect of Antagonists and Plant Extracts in the Control of Protea Wilt (<i>F. oxysporum</i>)

“…And Walters et al, [31] demonstrated the effectiveness of potassium phosphiteto control different diseases, including those caused by Phytophthora infestans, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. It was found that the foliar application of potassium phosphite reduced by 40% the severity of wheat wilt caused by F. culmorum [32].…”