The effect of postural lean and body congruence on the judgment of psychotherapeutic rapport

The emotional link: Leadership and the role of implicit and explicit emotional contagion processes across multiple organizational levels

“…This hypothesis, referred to as the mimicry-feedback hypothesis, suggests that emotional contagion is largely automatic and subconscious, and that the mimicry of an observed individuals' facial or bodily musculature results in a convergence of emotional states (Lishner, Cooter, & Zald, 2008). Mimicry, and resulting synchrony of emotional states is observed in various studies (Chartrand & Bargh, 1999;Dimberg, 1982;Trout & Rosenfeld, 1980). Mimicry of others' behaviors tends to result in increased liking between interacting individuals (Guéguen & Martin, 2009;McIntosh, 2006) and closeness to the interaction partner (Stel & Vonk, 2010), consistent with the influence of behavioral mimicry in meeting evolutionary-driven needs of connecting and bonding with others.…”

Counsellor facial expression and client-perceived rapport

“…Moreover, these associations were clear in their indications that effective counsellors do enhance their rapport with clients via depiction of interest, engagement with the client and the client's intentions, and enjoyment of the experience of sharing the client's issues and emotions. Thus, rapport as defined by Trout and Rosenfeld (1980) as ''a comfortable, harmonious and co-operative relationship between the client and the therapist'' (p. 180), which is accepted as a basic building block of the therapeutic alliance, may be seen to be supported by the appropriate use of facial expressions that convey this interest and engagement from the counsellor to the client.…”

“…Both were graduates of the MPsych (Counselling) at Monash University and both had at least three years practice in the field prior to participating in this study. Each STC underwent 15 hours of training in: presenting a problem which was genuine for them at the time; developing 16 key statements about the problem which were placed on cue cards and visible to the STC (but not the counsellors) during the interview; and using a 5-button device (not visible to the counsellors) for registering their perception of rapport at 1-minute intervals during the interviews (STCs were cued by a ''bug-in-the-ear'' device) according to the definition given by Trout and Rosenfeld (1980) as ''a comfortable, harmonious, and cooperative relationship between the client and the therapist'' (p. 180). The STCs were not aware of the independent variables under investigation in this study.…”

Caregiver–chimpanzee interactions with species-specific behaviors

“…Additionally, their movements are synchronized and coordinated (Condon & Ogston, 1967;Kendon, 1970). Both naturalistically (Charney, 1966;LaFrance & Broadbent, 1976) and experimentally (Trout & Rosenfeld, 1980) when postures match between partners, observers judge the partners as having high rapport. When individuals experience partners who match their behavior, they report increased liking for the partner (Chartrand & Bargh, 1999) and are more helpful, generous, and cooperative with the partner (van Baaren, Holland, Kawakami & van Knippenberg, 2004;Wiltermuth & Heath, 2009).…”