The Effect of Positivism Training on Rumination, Body Image and Sexual Satisfaction in Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Abstract

Background and Objective: One of the major stressors for families, especially women, is a recurrent pregnancy loss that exposes them to many psychological problems. This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of positivism training on rumination, body image and sexual satisfaction in women with recurrent pregnancy loss. Methods: This was a semi-experimental research with a pre-test and post-test design and an experimental and control group. Research population was women with recurrent pregnancy loss referring to Imam Khomeini (Rah) and Razi hospitals in Ahvaz city in spring of 2018. Sample research was 40 people that were selected by available sampling method and assigned into two equal groups. The experimental group was trained for 8 sessions of 90 minutes with positivism method and the control group didn't receive any training. The groups completed the questionnaires of rumination, body image and sexual satisfaction in the pretest and post-test stages. Data was analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance method using SPSS 19. Results: The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of rumination, body image and sexual satisfaction. In the other words, positivism training led to a decrease in rumination and positive body image and sexual satisfaction in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (P<0/001). Conclusion: The results indicated the effect of positivism training in improving rumination, body image and sexual satisfaction in women with recurrent pregnancy loss. Therefore, counselors and therapists can use positivism training to intervention in the field of rumination, body image and sexual satisfaction.

Does Mindfulness Training Affect Rumination in Women with Breast Cancer?

“…The between-group study indicated that there is a signi cant difference between the mean scores of rumination in both groups which means that immediately and one month after the intervention, the mean score of rumination in the control group was more than that of intervention group; although in within-groups comparison, the decrease caused in the intervention group was not signi cant, the between-group difference resulting from this decrease in the intervention group and an increase in mean score in control group show that patients in the intervention group are better than the control group in terms of rumination. The results of the present study are consistent with those of some studies ( Campbell et (16,17,23,31,35,36). These studies aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of mindfulness and the results indicated the positive effect of mindfulness on decreasing rumination in patients with breast cancer.…”

“…The reason for this difference may be related to the research tool and the reason mentioned in Mohammadpour's study. In the study of Falsa et al (2019), although the signi cant level of the withingroup test was not reported, the mean score of rumination decreased after the intervention but the mean score of the control group did not change (23). The result of their study is inconsistent with those of withingroup comparison in the present study.…”

“…Canada (16,23). In the study of Mohammadpour et al (2016) on women with breast cancer in Tehran (31) as well as that of Ghanavati et al (2018) on women with breast cancer in Ahvaz, the mean score of rumination was more than that of the present study (32).…”

“…The sample included all women with breast cancer referred to the Hematology ward at Bushehr hospitals, Oncologist's o ces, and Shafashar Hematology clinic, Bushehr in 2018, and Convenience Sampling was done as well. According to Falsa et al (2019) (23), the sample size was estimated concerning the mean and standard deviation of rumination in the intervention (M = 45.10, SD = 37.83) and control (M = 7.53, SD = 5.97) groups and the alpha Type I error (α = 0.05) and 90% power for each group (n = 23). The sampling was done with a convenience method.…”

“…Andersen et al (2013) examined the effect of mindfulness on sleep quality and found that although mindfulness has a short term and minor effect on sleep disorders of patients with breast cancer, it was not effective in follow up period (18). Other studies investigated the effect of mindfulness on the level of lymphocytic biomarkers (19), Physiological symptoms (16,20), quality of life (21,22), pain (21), psychological status (22), fatigue (19), rumination (16,17,23), depression and stress (24) and sexual function (16,25,26) and each reported contradictory results. Paradoxical results from literature reviews, domestic studies in available databases and rumination as the main component in depression, affect problem-solving and people's motivation and can cause an absence of adaptation with disease and affect the course of treatment and prognosis.…”