The effect of population size on effective population size: an empirical study in the red flour beetle<i>Tribolium castaneum</i>

Pray, Leslie; Goodnight, Charles J.; Stevens, Lori; Schwartz, James M.; Yan, Guiyun

doi:10.1017/s0016672300034030

Cited by 40 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Whether plastic or genetically based (Piche et al 2008), such trends may indicate a shift to earlier maturation as male parr in this system. Second, density dependence is also a prerequisite for genetic compensation, where reduced variance in individual reproductive success underpins increased N e /N ratios at low population size (Pray et al 1996;Ardren and Kapuscinski 2003;Fraser et al 2007b;Watts et al 2007). We observed such relationships in both rivers considered in demographic detail.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Age Structure, Changing Demography and Effective Population Size in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

2009

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Effective population size (N e ) is a central evolutionary concept, but its genetic estimation can be significantly complicated by age structure. Here we investigate N e in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations that have undergone changes in demography and population dynamics, applying four different genetic estimators. For this purpose we use genetic data (14 microsatellite markers) from archived scale samples collected between 1951 and 2004. Through life table simulations we assess the genetic consequences of life history variation on N e . Although variation in reproductive contribution by mature parr affects age structure, we find that its effect on N e estimation may be relatively minor. A comparison of estimator models suggests that even low iteroparity may upwardly bias N e estimates when ignored (semelparity assumed) and should thus empirically be accounted for. Our results indicate that N e may have changed over time in relatively small populations, but otherwise remained stable. Our ability to detect changes in N e in larger populations was, however, likely hindered by sampling limitations. An evaluation of N e estimates in a demographic context suggests that life history diversity, density-dependent factors, and metapopulation dynamics may all affect the genetic stability of these populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Age Structure, Changing Demography and Effective Population Size in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

2009

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“…Hauser et al's (2002) estimates of the N e /N C ratio were constant (1.8-2.8 9 10 -5 ) over periods of 22-48 years in snapper (Pagrus auratus), an exploited fish in New Zealand. Pray et al (1996) calculated the N e /N C ratio in seven population size treatments of the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) where the N C ranged from two to 960. They found that the N e /N C ratio decreased as census size increased-large populations had a proportionally smaller N e /N C ratio than small populations.…”

Section: Comparison Of N E Estimators and Bottleneck Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of census and effective population sizes: the increasing usefulness of DNA-based approaches

et al. 2010

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Population census size (N C ) and effective population sizes (N e ) are two crucial parameters that influence population viability, wildlife management decisions, and conservation planning. Genetic estimators of both N C and N e are increasingly widely used because molecular markers are increasingly available, statistical methods are improving rapidly, and genetic estimators complement or improve upon traditional demographic estimators. We review the kinds and applications of estimators of both N C and N e , and the often undervalued and misunderstood ratio of effective-to-census size (N e /N C ). We focus on recently improved and well evaluated methods that are most likely to facilitate conservation. Finally, we outline areas of future research to improve N e and N C estimation in wild populations.

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“…A greater variance in reproductive output among individuals in species that have large census sizes, or more drastically fluctuating populations, could explain a general tendency for highly abundant organisms to have smaller N e /N ratios (Frankham 1995b; Pray et al 1996; Hedrick 2005). Although high fecundity per se need not result in high fecundity variance (Nunney 1996), ‘sweepstakes’ effects and sexual selection that diminish the number of successfully breeding adults may be important in a variety of taxa, from plants to both terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates (Frankham 1995b; Pray et al 1996; Boudry et al 2002; Hedrick 2005); high reproductive skew changes expectations about how genetic drift works in relation to population size (Eldon & Wakeley 2006; Der et al 2012).…”

Section: Hyperdiverse Eukaryotes In Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although high fecundity per se need not result in high fecundity variance (Nunney 1996), ‘sweepstakes’ effects and sexual selection that diminish the number of successfully breeding adults may be important in a variety of taxa, from plants to both terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates (Frankham 1995b; Pray et al 1996; Boudry et al 2002; Hedrick 2005); high reproductive skew changes expectations about how genetic drift works in relation to population size (Eldon & Wakeley 2006; Der et al 2012). Genetic draft will further exacerbate small N e /N ratios for abundant species (Gillespie 2001).…”

Section: Hyperdiverse Eukaryotes In Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular hyperdiversity and evolution in very large populations

2013

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The genomic density of sequence polymorphisms critically affects the sensitivity of inferences about ongoing sequence evolution, function, and demographic history. Most animal and plant genomes have relatively low densities of polymorphisms, but some species are hyperdiverse with neutral nucleotide heterozygosity exceeding 5%. Eukaryotes with extremely large populations, mimicking bacterial and viral populations, present novel opportunities for studying molecular evolution in sexually-reproducing taxa with complex development. In particular, hyperdiverse species can help answer controversial questions about the evolution of genome complexity, the limits of natural selection, modes of adaptation, and subtleties of the mutation process. However, such systems have some inherent complications and here we identify topics in need of theoretical developments. Close relatives of the model organisms Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster provide known examples of hyperdiverse eukaryotes, encouraging functional dissection of resulting molecular evolutionary patterns. We recommend how best to exploit hyperdiverse populations for analysis, for example, in quantifying the impact of non-crossover recombination in genomes and for determining the identity and micro-evolutionary selective pressures on non-coding regulatory elements.

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The effect of population size on effective population size: an empirical study in the red flour beetleTribolium castaneum

Cited by 40 publications

References 27 publications

Age Structure, Changing Demography and Effective Population Size in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Age Structure, Changing Demography and Effective Population Size in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Estimation of census and effective population sizes: the increasing usefulness of DNA-based approaches

Molecular hyperdiversity and evolution in very large populations

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