The effect of polyethyleneimine as an electrolyte additive on zinc electrodeposition mechanism in aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Aqueous zinc ion batteries: focus on zinc metal anodes

“…32 Various alternative strategies have been explored in this regard, among which electrolyte manipulation is a popular research direction. With the common purpose of increasing the coulombic efficiency and suppressing dendrite formation, numerous formulations including triethyl phosphate (TEP), 33 polyacrylamide (PAM), 34 polyethyleneamine, 35 bio-ionic liquid, 36 Ni triate, 37 SDBS, 38 and Zn(ClO 4 ) 2 Zn(TFSI) 2 40 have been reported as performance-enhancing electrolytes. In addition, the effect of salt concentration on cell performance has been discussed with conventional salts such as ZnCl 2 41 and ZnSO 4 .…”

Effect of glyphosate on X-ray diffraction of copper films prepared by electrochemical deposition

“…The presence of BPEI could alter the morphology of the electrodeposited layer from laminated hexagonal large crystals to an amorphous compact layer. 24 Organic additives including cresol, resorcinol and synthetic alcohol affected the deposition process of Bi 3+ ions in acidic perchlorate solution, and produced dense and uniform coatings. 25 The inuence of the electrolyte additives on the shape and the morphology of nanocrystals in the electrodeposited copper lms has been investigated.…”

Fast electrodeposition of zinc onto single zinc nanoparticles

“…[18]. Moreover, the negative electrodes that are used in Zn-ion batteries are generally constituted of a Zn foil [19], a Zn deposit on a substrate [20], or a composite electrode with Zn particles [10,21]. Considering the Zn atomic weight of 65.39, an ideal negative electrode of a Zn-ion battery would be constituted of a low amount of metallic Zn, which can be efficiently and reversibly used, in order not to decrease the gravimetric energy and power density of the final battery.…”

“…This is due to the low cost of metallic zinc, being an earth-abundant element, to its high volumetric and gravimetric capacity (of 5855 mAh cm −3 and of 820 mAh g −1 , respectively), and to its low standard reduction potential (− 0.76 V vs. SHE), which still allows the operation of the battery in aqueous electrolytes [5,8]. Despite the fact that the application of aqueous Zn-ion batteries is mostly limited by the lack of efficient Zn insertion materials with long cycle life, to be used in the positive electrode side [5], many limitations still need to be overcome on the negative electrode side as well [9][10][11]. The major problems yet to be solved involving the metallic zinc electrode are related to the hydrogen evolution reaction occurring in parallel to the Zn deposition reaction [9][10][11], and the non-uniform deposition of metallic Zn leading to the formation of dendrites, and consequently to short-circuit of the electrodes [11].…”

“…Despite the fact that the application of aqueous Zn-ion batteries is mostly limited by the lack of efficient Zn insertion materials with long cycle life, to be used in the positive electrode side [5], many limitations still need to be overcome on the negative electrode side as well [9][10][11]. The major problems yet to be solved involving the metallic zinc electrode are related to the hydrogen evolution reaction occurring in parallel to the Zn deposition reaction [9][10][11], and the non-uniform deposition of metallic Zn leading to the formation of dendrites, and consequently to short-circuit of the electrodes [11]. Despite the fact that the zinc deposition and dissolution reaction has been studied for decades, mainly for corrosion and electrodeposition applications [12][13][14][15][16][17], further investigations are yet needed regarding the Zn reaction mechanisms in the solutions employed within the Zn-ion batteries.…”