The effect of ply folds as manufacturing defect on the fatigue life of CFRP materials

Hörrmann, Susanne; Adumitroaie, Adi; Schagerl, Martin

doi:10.3221/igf-esis.38.10

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Fatigue properties are also limited by the defect of layer waviness. For more specifics, readers can refer to (Khan et al, 2006;Horrmann et al, 2016a;Horrmann et al, 2016b).…”

Section: Fiber Waviness and Wrinklingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive testing and evaluation techniques of defects in fiber-reinforced polymer composites: A review

Chen

Jin²

2022

Front. Mater.

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Fiber-reinforced polymer composites have excellent mechanical properties and outstanding development potential and are cost-effective. They have increasingly been used in numerous advanced and engineering applications as materials for wind turbine blades, helicopter rotors, high-pressure pipelines, and medical equipment. Understanding and assessing structural failure promptly in the whole lifecycle of a composite is essential to mitigating safety concerns and reducing maintenance costs. Various nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) technologies based on different evaluation principles have been established to inspect defects under different conditions. This paper reviews the established types of NDT&E techniques: acoustic emission, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, infrared thermography, terahertz testing, digital image correlation, shearography, and X-ray computed tomography, which is divided into three categories based on the operation frequency and data processing means of the output signal that is directly under analysis. We listed four types of defects/damage that are currently of great interest, namely, voids and porosity, fiber waviness and wrinkling, delamination and debonding, as well as impact damage. To identify a suitable method for different defects/damage, we performed characterization and evaluation by using these NDT&E techniques for typical defects/damage. Then, the cost, inspection speed, benefits and limitations, etc. were compared and discussed. Finally, a brief overview of the development of the technologies and their applications in the field of composite fabrication was discussed.

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“…Fatigue properties are also limited by the defect of layer waviness. For more specifics, readers can refer to (Khan et al, 2006;Horrmann et al, 2016a;Horrmann et al, 2016b).…”

Section: Fiber Waviness and Wrinklingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive testing and evaluation techniques of defects in fiber-reinforced polymer composites: A review

Chen

Jin²

2022

Front. Mater.

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“…This leads to a local increase in fibre volume fraction at the defect location in areas where these folds are present. Within each prepreg fold, two additional plies are added over the laminate thickness [49].…”

Section: Stacking Fault Prepreg Foldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy of Damage Patterns in Composite Materials, Measuring Signals, and Methods for Automated Damage Diagnostics

2022

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Due to the increasing use of the different composite materials in lightweight applications, such as in aerospace, it becomes crucial to understand the different damages occurring within them during life cycle and their possible inspection with different inspection techniques in different life cycle stages. A comprehensive classification of these damage patterns, measuring signals, and analysis methods using a taxonomical approach can help in this direction. In conjunction with the taxonomy, this work addresses damage diagnostics in hybrid and composite materials, such as fibre metal laminates (FMLs). A novel unified taxonomy atlas of damage patterns, measuring signals, and analysis methods is introduced. Analysis methods based on advanced supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms, such as autoencoders, self-organising maps, and convolutional neural networks, and a novel z-profiling method, are implemented. Besides formal aspects, an extended use case demonstrating damage identification in FML plates using X-ray computer tomography (X-ray CT) data is used to elaborate different data analysis techniques to amplify or detect damages and to show challenges.

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“…Fibre waviness and crimping are other problematic defects arising through the manufacturing process. These defects affect the quality of consolidation and thence the fatigue life [92,93,88,70,94,71]. Out-of-plane waviness affects the static compressive strength and stiffness of composites, and decreases its fatigue life (C-C) [95,96,97].…”

Section: Effect Of Processing/manufacturing Defects On the Fatigue Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fatigue of carbon fibre reinforced plastics - A review

Alam

Mamalis

Robert

et al. 2019

Composites Part B: Engineering

256

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Engineering structures are often subjected to the conditions of cyclic-loading, which onsets material fatigue, detrimentally affecting the service-life and damage tolerance of components and joints. Carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) are high-strength, lowweight composites that are gaining ubiquity in place of metals and glass fibre reinforced plastics (GFRP) not only due to their outstanding strength-to-weight properties, but also because carbon fibres are relatively inert to environmental degradation and as such, show potential as corrosion resistant materials. The effects of cyclic loading on the fatigue of CFRP are detailed in several papers. As such, collating research on CFRP fatigue into a single document is a worthwhile exercise, as it will benefit the engineering-readership interested in designing fatigue resistant structures and components using CFRP. This review article aims to provide the most relevant and up-to-date information on the fatigue of CFRP. The review focuses in particular on defining fatigue and the mechanics of cyclically-loaded composites, elucidating the fatigue response and fatigue properties of CFRP in different forms, discussing the importance of environmental factors on the fatigue performance and service-life, and summarising the different approaches taken to modelling fatigue in CFRP.

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The effect of ply folds as manufacturing defect on the fatigue life of CFRP materials

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Nondestructive testing and evaluation techniques of defects in fiber-reinforced polymer composites: A review

Nondestructive testing and evaluation techniques of defects in fiber-reinforced polymer composites: A review

Taxonomy of Damage Patterns in Composite Materials, Measuring Signals, and Methods for Automated Damage Diagnostics

The fatigue of carbon fibre reinforced plastics - A review

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