The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma In Vitro on Primary Cells: Rat Osteoblast-like Cells and Human Endothelial Cells

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of standardized platelet-rich plasma (PRP) concentrates from 10 human donors on cellular behavior. The standardized PRPs used were fivefold average and fivefold maximum baseline values in whole blood. Both these standardized PRPs were characterized by determining platelet numbers and subsequently growth factor concentrations in activated PRPs, called PRP derivatives. Platelet numbers in both types of standardized PRPs were significantly increased compared with whole blood. Further, both PRP derivatives contained significantly higher concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor-AA, platelet-derived growth factor-AB, and transforming growth factor-beta 1. Vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations were significantly elevated in only the most concentrated PRP derivative. Cell culture experiments with osteoblast-like cells showed that both PRP derivatives stimulated cell proliferation without inducing cell differentiation, whereas tube formation in endothelial cell cultures was significantly increased by adding low volume percentages of PRP derivative (2%–8%). Consequently, it can be concluded that there is no direct relationship between the number of platelets and the level of growth factors released from these platelets. PRP derivatives have the potency to stimulate angiogenesis dose dependently, while lacking the capacity to induce osteogenic differentiation. Yet, the proliferation of osteoblast-like cells can significantly be enhanced by supplementation of PRP derivatives.

Evaluación del efecto del plasma rico en plaquetas en diferentes tiempos y concentraciones sobre la viabilidad de fibroblastos de ligamento periodontal y osteoblastos / Evaluation of Platelet-Rich Plasma Effect at different times and concentrations ...

“…En la literatura disponible actualmente no se reporta la respuesta de viabilidad de células periodontales tratadas con PRP a diferentes tiempos posterior a su activación. He y colaboradores (21) mencionan que los factores de crecimiento se liberan en las primeras 24 horas y utilizan principalmente el PRP inmediatamente después de su activación (8,25,30,31,(34)(35)(36)(37)48,51). Los estudios de Acosta y colaboradores publicados en 2006 y 2010 evidenciaron una tendencia en la respuesta de viabilidad en fibroblastos gingivales, los cuales presentan diferencias con respecto a los fibroblastos (42,43).…”

“…Los factores de crecimiento identificados en el PRP son el factor de crecimiento derivado de plaquetas (PDGF A y B en sus diferentes formas), el factor de crecimiento transformante beta (TGF-β), el factor de crecimiento semejante a la insulina, el factor de crecimiento fibroblástico, factor de crecimiento endotelial y el factor de crecimiento epidérmico (7,9,16,18,23,24,30,31,(34)(35)(36). Estos se liberan al momento de su procesamiento mediante cloruro cálcico o trombina (15,30,(37)(38)(39).…”

“…Sin embargo, no se conoce la respuesta celular a diferentes tiempos después a su activación. Diversos estudios han evaluado el uso del PRP en diferentes concentraciones que fluctúan entre 0,05 % y 100 % (8,34,35,37,44,45) y sus resultados son heterogéneos.…”

Immediate iliac bone graft reconstruction of post ablative defect of benign mandibular pathology - a systematic review

“…[ [33][34][35][36][37] On the other hand, other studies in the review got comparable or even better result despite not utilizing PRP. [23,26] Therefore it may be difficult to ascribe the outcome to any beneficial effect of PRP as claimed by the authors.…”

Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Replenishment of Bone

“…In addition to heterogeneity in PRP production, there remains uncertainty as to which factors are responsible for effective biological activity. On one study attempted to standardize PRP production, and platelet and growth factor concentrations in activated PRP derivatives were determined [3]. As expected, when compared with whole blood, PRP had increased platelet numbers and mass, and Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) that attracts osteoblast progenitors to sites needing new bone formation.…”