The effect of plasticiser on zinc polymer electrolytes

Sheldon, M.H.; Glasse, M. D.; Latham, R. J.; Linford, R. G.

doi:10.1016/0167-2738(89)90443-8

Cited by 50 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…D ifferent results were produced by Sheldon (1987Sheldon ( , 1989 The DSC of PEOn:ZnCl2 series U samples (figure 4.7) only showed the presence of PEO type spherulites, also confirmed by VTPM analysis. For chloride samples, the presence of water has the greatest effect in depressing the crystallinity, particularly for "concentrated" samples, if they are compared with the iodide and bromide samples.…”

Section: 7mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The two melting events were still present, however, the second peak was very broad and shifted to ~ 120°C. This might indicate that the second melting event was a high melting material which was depressed by the presence o f water.D ifferent results were produced by Sheldon (1987Sheldon ( , 1989 The DSC of PEOn:ZnCl2 series U samples (figure 4.7) only showed the presence of PEO type spherulites, also confirmed by VTPM analysis. For chloride samples, the presence of water has the greatest effect in depressing the crystallinity, particularly for "concentrated" samples, if they are compared with the iodide and bromide samples.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Yang, and Sheldon et al (1987) Armand, Chabagno and D uclot (1979) there was a lack of agreement; the conductivity values for the latter workers were higher and the Arrhenius plot was a curve, indicating the presence of amorphous material (VTF behaviour).…”

Section: 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yang, and Sheldon et al (1987) have studied a variety of Zn salts complexed with PEO. The conductivity results were comparable with monovalent cations, but were very dependent on thermal history.…”

Section: 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conducting Polymers and Polymer Electrolytes

Rubinson¹,

Mark²

2002

ACS Symposium Series

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UMI Number: U547216All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL U SE R S The quality of this reproduction is d ep endent upon the quality of the copy submitted.In the unlikely event that the author did not sen d a com plete manuscript and there are m issing p a g es, th e se will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Disscrrlation PublishingUMI CONDUCTING POLYMERS AND POLYMER ELECTROLYTESby Walkiria Santos Schlindwein Abstract Polymers are mostly used as insulator materials. Since the late sixties, two new classes of polymeric materials possessing either ionic or electronic conductivities have been extensively studied. The work carried out in this thesis concerns of the study of polymer electrolytes based on poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) complexed with divalent salts (ionic conductors) and polypyrroles (PPy) electrochem icdly and chemically prepared (electronic conductors). DiÉerent techniques were used to study their properties including Differential Scanning Calorimetry 03SC), Variable Temperature Polarising M icroscopy (VTPM), Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS), a.c. Impedance, Cyclic Voltammetry, and Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR).W ater-cast film s o f P E 0n:Z nX 2 (X = Cl, Br, I) were prepared at a range of stoichiometries. The effects of either residual presence of water or thermal treatment related to the formation of high melting crystalline materials were investigated. The morphology of the zinc halides films differs from similar films cast from acetonitrile/methanol mixtures. The presence of high melting crystalline material in the water cast samples is influenced mostly by the concentration, type of anion and drying procedure applied to the samples. The high melting crystalline materials in the zinc samples are more affected by the drying regime. In some cases, solvent effects can be removed by using a high temperature (e.g. 180°C) drying regime. The presence of water normally depresses the melting temperature of the crystalline structures.Films of PE0 n:CaBr2 and PE0 n:NiBr2 cast from water were also examined. The high melting crystalline materials in the calcium samples are more affected by the presence of water. The nickel samples are highly crystalline and the presence of high melting material does not seem to be influenced by either the presence of solvent or the drying procedure.EXAFS was used as a suitable technique to probe the local structure surrounding the cation. The results of the zinc halide samples gave some indication o f the interionic and polym er-cation interactions. It was demonstrated that the halogen provides the most substantial contribution for the total EXAFS spectrum and the oxygen contribution is much less significant, except in the case of PEOn:ZnCl2 samples. This could be due to the size of the nearest neighbour atoms and/or to the interaction polymer-cation. The presence of neutral "ion pairing" is suggested for the PEOn:ZnBr2 samples. The EXAFS results for the samples containing NiBr2 indicated a stro...

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Section: 7mentioning

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conducting Polymers and Polymer Electrolytes

Rubinson¹,

Mark²

2002

ACS Symposium Series

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“…Plasticizing additives increase the free volume and lower the glass-transition temperature of the polymer. 6 Accordingly, they enhance the ionic conductivity by orders of magnitude. Highly plas-ticized, crosslinked polymer gel electrolytes containing alkali metal salts often exhibit conductivities higher than 10 Ϫ3 S/cm, even at subambient temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionically conductive polymer gel electrolytes consisting of crosslinked methacrylonitrile and organic electrolyte

Kubota

Fujii

Tatsumoto

et al. 2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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To develop a highly ion-conductive polymer electrolyte, we copolymerized methacrylonitrile (MAN) with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) in propylene carbonate that contained tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEATFB), changing the TEATFB concentration and the MAN/EGDMA molar ratio. We characterized the obtained polymer gel electrolytes with complex impedance analysis and cyclic voltammetry, intending to apply them to electric double-layer capacitors. The ionic conductivities of the polymer gel electrolytes were dependent on the TEATFB concentration, the temperature, and particularly the crosslinking degree. The polymer gel electrolytes in this system exhibited high room-temperature conductivities (Ͼ10 Ϫ3 S/cm). Furthermore, these polymer electrolytes showed good electrochemical stability windows ranging from Ϫ4.0 to ϩ4.0 V versus Ag.

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Ionically conductive polymer gel electrolytes prepared from vinyl acetate and methyl methacrylate for electric double layer capacitor

Kubota

Watanabe

Konaka

et al. 2000

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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In order to obtain highly conductive polymer electrolytes for an electric double layer capacitor, three kinds of polymer gel electrolytes were prepared. Vinyl acetate (VAc) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were copolymerized with divinyl adipate (DA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), respectively, in propylene carbonate (PC) containing tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEATFB) to form network polymer gel electrolytes. MMA was also copolymerized with butylene glycol DMA for comparison. The polymer gel electrolytes obtained were characterized by means of thermogravimetry, complex impedance analysis, and cyclic voltammetry for use in the electric double layer capacitor. The ionic conductivities of the polymer gel electrolytes were dependent on the TEATFB concentration, temperature, and crosslinking degree. The polymer gel electrolytes in the VAc-DA system exhibited higher room temperature conductivities (10 Ϫ2 S/cm) than those in the MMA-EGDMA system. Further, the polymer gel electrolytes in the VAc-DA system showed good electrochemical stability windows ranging from Ϫ4.0 to 4.0 V versus Ag. Thermal analysis revealed that the polymer gel electrolytes in both systems were stable up to 150°C.

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The effect of plasticiser on zinc polymer electrolytes

Cited by 50 publications

References 2 publications

Conducting Polymers and Polymer Electrolytes

Conducting Polymers and Polymer Electrolytes

Ionically conductive polymer gel electrolytes consisting of crosslinked methacrylonitrile and organic electrolyte

Ionically conductive polymer gel electrolytes prepared from vinyl acetate and methyl methacrylate for electric double layer capacitor

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