The effect of plant surface characteristics on resistance of rice to the brown planthopper, <i>Nilaparvata lugens</i>

Woodhead, S.; Padgham, D. E.

doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1988.tb02276.x

Cited by 47 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Making plants less acceptable for feeding and interfering with insect development should slow insect population growth. Plant biosynthesis and deposition of epicuticular waxes and trans-aconitic acid deter insect feeding (Woodhead and Padgham, 1988;Eigenbrode and Espelie, 1995). Toxic constituents of glandular trichomes also adversely affect feeding, growth, and survival of insects (Jackson et al, 1986).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tryptophan Decarboxylase, Tryptamine, and Reproduction of the Whitefly

et al. 1995

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Tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) from Cafharanfhus roseus (periwinkle) converts tryptophan to the indole-alkaloid tryptamine. When the TDC gene was expressed in transgenic tobacco, the 55-kD TDC enzyme and tryptamine accumulated. Bemisia fabaci (sweetpotato whitefly) reproduction on transgenic plants decreased up to 97% relative to controls. Production of tryptamine, its derivatives, or other products resulting from TDC activity may discourage whitefly reproduction and provide a single-gene-based plant protection strategy.The process by which insects select a host plant for feeding and reproduction begins with the sensing of structural and metabolic components of the plant. Alkaloids are one of several plant-produced substances known to greatly influence insect recognition, feeding, and oviposition. Levels of the alkaloid gramine are inversely related to the extent of aphid infestation (ZuAiga et al., 1988). Furthermore, polyphagous aphids colonize only low-alkaloid-producing plants, whereas aphids with restricted host specificity prefer high-alkaloid producers, using the ingested alkaloids in their own defense (Niemeyer, 1990).It has been difficult to examine how alkaloids affect insect feeding, because to do so host plant lines must differ only in alkaloid content. Testing alkaloids in an artificial insect diet provides some information, but not a11 behavioral aspects of plant-insect interactions in situ can be reproduced exactly.To directly assess insect feeding on alkaloid-containing plants, we transferred and expressed in Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) the gene encoding the TDC enzyme (EC 4.2.1.27) of Catharantkus Yoseus (L.) (periwinkle). In several species with TDC activity (Robinson, 1979), tryptamine is thought to participate in the protection of young seedlings against insects, particularly in newly emergent seedling stems and

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tryptophan Decarboxylase, Tryptamine, and Reproduction of the Whitefly

et al. 1995

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“…For example, removal of the surface waxes with chloroform from seedlings of Sorghum bicolor (L.) caused their acceptance by nymphs of Locusta migratoria L. (Woodhead, 1983). Hexane extracts of surface lipids from resistant rice cultivars deterred feeding of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lungens (Stäl) (Woodhead and Padgham, 1988). Shepherd et al (1999) reported that the preference of raspberry aphids (Amphorophora idaei Börner) for older leaves of raspberry genotype Jawel may be related to lower wax coverage on these leaves relative to the younger emerging leaves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Waxes as a Plant Defense Barrier Towards Grain Aphid

Wójcicka¹

2015

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia S. Botanica

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The electrical penetration graph (EPG) method was used to quantify the effect of surface waxes on probing behaviour of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae F. (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The experiments showed that wax removal significantly affected probing behaviour of S. avenae. Generally, the aphids feeding on the plants without wax had a shortened non-probing (EPG-pattern np) and prolonged penetration of peripheral tissues -epidermis and mesophyll (EPG-pattern C). The EPG tests also showed that the three tested extracts of surface waxes from waxy plants RAH 122 were active as aphicides against the grain aphid.K Ke ey y w wo or rd ds s: Epicuticular wax, peripheral tissues, epidermis, mesophyll, triticale, Sitobion avenae, EPG, artificial diet ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica 57/1: [95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103] 2015

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“…In addition, the plant cuticle is essential in precluding postgenital organ fusions (Lolle et al 1992) and in mediating pollen-stigma interactions (Fiebig et al 2000). In rice, the cereal model species, cuticular wax composition was found early to be closely related to resistance to water diVusion, rice blast infection, and brown planthopper damage (O'Toole et al 1979;Kumar and Sridhar 1987;Woodhead and Padgham 1988). However, the molecular mechanism of wax biosynthesis in rice still remains to be discovered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Wax Crystal-Sparse Leaf1 encodes a β–ketoacyl CoA synthase involved in biosynthesis of cuticular waxes on rice leaf

Ranathunge

Hong

et al. 2008

Planta

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Cuticular waxes, forming the plant/atmosphere interface of plants colonizing the terrestrial environment, are complex mixtures of very-long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and their derivatives. In VLCFAs biosynthesis, beta-ketoacyl CoA synthase (E.C.2.3.1.119, KCS) is the key enzyme. Using T-DNA insertional mutagenesis, we identified a cuticle-deficient rice mutant, which displayed a pleiotropic phenotype including reduced growth, leaf fusion, sparse wax crystals, enhanced sensitivity to drought and low fertility. Further analysis indicated that T-DNA was inserted in the 5'-UTR intron of the affected gene, Wax Crystal-Sparse Leaf1 (WSL1), and abnormal transcript caused the loss-of-function of WSL1 gene. Genetic complementation experiment confirmed the function of the candidate gene. WSL1 was predicted to encode a polypeptide containing a conserved FAE1_CUT1_RppA domain typical of the KCS family proteins. Qualitative and quantitative wax composition analyses by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) demonstrated a marked reduction of total cuticular wax load on wsl1 leaf blades and sheaths, and VLCFA precursors of C20-C24 decreased in both. Moreover, ubiquitous expression of the WSL1 gene gave a hint that WSL1-catalyzed elongation of VLCFAs might participate in a wide range of rice growth and development processes beyond biosynthesis of cuticular waxes.

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The effect of plant surface characteristics on resistance of rice to the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

Cited by 47 publications

References 10 publications

Tryptophan Decarboxylase, Tryptamine, and Reproduction of the Whitefly

Tryptophan Decarboxylase, Tryptamine, and Reproduction of the Whitefly

Surface Waxes as a Plant Defense Barrier Towards Grain Aphid

Wax Crystal-Sparse Leaf1 encodes a β–ketoacyl CoA synthase involved in biosynthesis of cuticular waxes on rice leaf

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