The effect of plant size on vegetative reproduction in a pseudo-annual

Verburg, R.W.; Kwant, R.; Werger, M. J. A.

doi:10.1007/bf00044650

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Pseudo-annuals are clonal plants which survive the winter only as seeds and hibernacles produced by the rhizome system (Salisbury 1942;Jerling 1988;Verburg et al 1996). In this paper we address the question of whether seedlings dier from hibernacle-derived plants (``clonal ospring'') in terms of allocation to sexual reproduction and asexual propagation at the end of the growing season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in allocation patterns in clonal and sexual offspring in a woodland pseudo-annual

Verburg

Grava

1998

Oecologia

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We compared the patterns of allocation to reproduction among seed-derived and clonal offspring of a woodland pseudo-annual. Pseudo-annuals are clonal plants which survive the winter only as seeds and hibernacles produced by the rhizome system. Previous studies indicate that flowering is related to the size of these hibernacles. Since seedlings do not have a hibernacle, we did not expect that these plants would reproduce sexually. Assuming a trade-off between sexual and asexual reproduction, and assuming a linear relationship between vegetative plant weight and weight of all reproductive structures (i.e., rhizomes, hibernacles, inflorescences, and seeds), we expected that seed-derived plants would have a stronger biomass allocation to rhizomes and hibernacles. Since resource supply affects plant size, and thus hibernacle and seed production, we also subjected the plants to different levels of shade. At the start of the experiment seed-derived and clonal offspring hardly differed in total fresh weight. At the final harvest in September seed-derived and clonal offspring did not differ in vegetative plant weight (i.e., leaves, stems, and roots). Only light availability significantly affected these plant structures. As predicted, seed-derived plants did not flower in either of the light treatments. Seed-derived plants allocated more biomass to rhizomes and hibernacles, but this was only significant in the highest-light treatment. This result was due only to an increase in the number of hibernacles. Dry weight of single hibernacles was not affected by plant type. The ecological implications of this allocation pattern are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in allocation patterns in clonal and sexual offspring in a woodland pseudo-annual

Verburg

Grava

1998

Oecologia

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“…Generally, a minimum plant size is required before sexual reproduction occurs (Hirose andKachi 1982, Schmid andWeiner 1993). Plant flowering in the field was positively correlated with shoot size (Verburg et al 1996). However, the relationship between plant size and vegetative reproductive effort has received little attention and data are scarce, and methodological and physiological difficulties remained (as mentioned above).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, to estimate the energy used for sexual reproduction, an indirect method has been used: sexual organs are removed and weighed, and biomasses are compared for flowering and non-flowering plants (Klinkhamer et al 1990, Ehrlén andvan Groendael 2001). This method has been tested in diverse settings by many researchers (Samon and Werk 1986, Reekie and Bazzaz 1987, Verburg et al 1996. They used the term "reproductive efforts" with respect to the plant's reproductive investment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between the sexual and the vegetative organs in a Polygonatum humile (Liliaceae) population in a temperate forest gap

Min

2017

j ecology environ

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Background: The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between the sexual reproduction and the resource allocation in a natural Polygonatum humile population grown in a temperate mixed forest gap. For this aim, the plant size, the node which flower was formed, the fruiting rate, and the dry weight of each organ were monitored from June 2014 to August 2015. Results: Firstly, in 3-13-leaf plants, plants with leaves ≤ 8 did not have flowers and in plants with over 9 leaves the flowering rate increased with the number of leaves. Among plants with the same number of leaves, the total leaf area and dry weight of flowering plants were larger than those of non-flowering plants. The minimum leaf area and dry weight of flowering plants were 100 cm 2 and 200 mg, respectively. Secondary, the flowers were formed at the 3rd~8th nodes, and the flowering rate was highest at the 5th node. Thirdly, cumulative values of leaf properties from the last leaf (the top leaf on a stem) to the same leaf rank were greater in a plant with a reproductive organ than in a plant without a reproductive organ. Fourthly, fruit set was 6.1% and faithful fruit was 2.6% of total flowers. Biomasses of new rhizomes produced per milligram dry weight of leaf were 0.397 ± 190 mg in plants that set fruit and 0.520 ± 0.263 mg in plants that did not, and the difference between the 2 plant groups was significant at the 0.1% level. Conclusions: P. humile showed that the 1st flower formed on the 3rd node from the shoot's base. And P. humile showed the minimum plant size needed in fruiting, and fruiting restricted the growth of new rhizomes. However, the fruiting rate was very low. Thus, it was thought that the low fruiting rate caused more energy to invest in the rhizomes, leading to a longer rhizome. A longer rhizome was thought to be more advantageous than a short one to avoid the shading.

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“…No shoots were found on R 2 (rhizome that developed 2 years ago) or R 3 (rhizome that developed 3 years ago) which attached to R 1 (Hasegawa and Kudo 2005). Under optimal conditions, offspring production does not depend on the "starting capital" in the hibernacle; but under growth-limiting conditions, a thick hibernacle may be more successful in Helianthus x latifolius (Verburg et al 1996). Third, the size of each plant organ increased with the number of leaves per plant and the difference corresponding to a one-leaf increment was significant at 1-5% level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in resource allocation among vegetative organs during the clonal growth of Polygonatum humile (Liliaceae) grown in a temperate forest gap

Min

2017

j ecology environ

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Background: The aim of this study was to examine the resource allocation among the organs and the leaf morphology of Polygonatum humile. The data were collected from June 2014 to May 2015 in a natural P. humile stand of a temperate forest gap. Results: The dry weight of new rhizome (R 0 ) sharply decreased to the time of new shoot sprouting in next year and was constant for 2~3 years. However, dry weight of root on R 0 increased to the end of growth season and, thereafter, decreased slowly along the time elapsed. The correlation coefficients between the rhizome and the leaf sizes were 0.5 for the last year's rhizome (R 1 ) and 0.6 for R 0 and were significant at 0.1% level for R 0 . The increase of one leaf a plant led to increase of the total leaf area, total leaf weight, and stem length. Moreover, the organ sizes' differences between two plants of the one leaf difference were almost significant at 1% level. In 11-leaf plant, the leaf length/width ratio and specific lea area increased to the second, relative leaf area to the fourth and relative leaf dry weight to the fifth, and thereafter, decreased to the last leaf. The differences in the values of these four parameters between two leaves on a stem were almost significant at 5% level. Conclusion: P. humile examined showed the close relationships between the last year's rhizome or this year's one and the shoot system (leaf and stem) sizes. The leaf number a shoot greatly influenced specific leaf area. P. humile's leaf might showed diverse morphology with leaf rank on a stem in a forest gap environment.

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The effect of plant size on vegetative reproduction in a pseudo-annual

Cited by 32 publications

References 25 publications

Differences in allocation patterns in clonal and sexual offspring in a woodland pseudo-annual

Differences in allocation patterns in clonal and sexual offspring in a woodland pseudo-annual

Relationship between the sexual and the vegetative organs in a Polygonatum humile (Liliaceae) population in a temperate forest gap

Changes in resource allocation among vegetative organs during the clonal growth of Polygonatum humile (Liliaceae) grown in a temperate forest gap

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