The effect of Phytosphingosine and bioactive glass-ceramics in preventing dental enamel erosion

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of phytosphingosine (PHS) and bioactive glass-ceramic (Biosilicate) on dental enamel in terms of color alteration (ΔE), microhardness, and surface roughness when submitted to erosive challenge (EC). Sixty specimens of bovine teeth (6×6×2mm) were obtained. Initial color (Easyshade, VITA), KHN (HMV-2, Shimadzu), and Ra (SJ-201P, Mitutoyo) measurements were performed. Specimens were separated into groups according to treatments: PHS, 10% Biosilicate, PHS+10% Biosilicate, and artificial saliva (control) and submitted to EC with Coca-Cola for 2 min. This cycle was repeated 4 times daily/15 days. Between cycles, specimens remained in artificial saliva (2 h/37°C). After daily cycles, they were also stored in artificial saliva at 37ºC. Final color, microhardness, and surface roughness measurements were done. Color and KHN data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test; and Ra, by 2-way ANOVA, repeated measures, and Tukey’s test (p<.05). The highest ΔE occurred in Saliva+EC (p<.05). Groups treated with PHS presented lower color change than Saliva+EC (p<.05). All the groups presented mean values above the 50:50% perceptibility (50:50%PT) and acceptability (50:50%AT) thresholds, except for control that showed mean value above 50:50%PT but below 50:50%AT. Biosilicate+EC showed higher relative microhardness than Saliva+EC (p<.05), but was similar to PHS+EC and PHS+Biosilicate+EC. Final enamel surface roughness increased for all the groups (p<.05), except for the control. The Biosilicate may prevent enamel mineral loss induced by erosion better than saliva. The PHS associated or not to Biosilicate demonstrated better color stability than saliva.

Development and effect of orodispersible film incorporated with Biosilicate for remineralization of dental enamel subjected to cariogenic and erosive challenge

“…Similarly to caries, dental erosion has also become a significant public health issue, highly influenced by changes in habits and lifestyle over time 12 . Dental erosion is considered a superficial phenomenon caused by exposure to acids of nonbacterial origin, unlike dental caries 13 .…”

“…[7][8][9] Similarly to caries, dental erosion has also become a significant public health issue, highly influenced by changes in habits and lifestyle over time. 12 Dental erosion is considered a superficial phenomenon caused by exposure to acids of nonbacterial origin, unlike dental caries. 13 Thus, the absence of a bacterial biofilm allows rapid demineralization from the surface by the acid, creating a characteristic softened superficial zone of erosive lesion, 14 progressing through the combination of superficial loss and mineral loss below the surface of the erosive lesion.…”

“…16,17 Dental erosion has a multifactorial etiology, mainly caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. 12 In modern society, extrinsic factors have gained prominence due to increased consumption of acidic beverages. 18 Among these extrinsic sources, excessive and continuous consumption of low-pH (pH <5.5) beverages is a primary risk factor for the development of erosive lesions, 12,13 making this condition a significant clinical challenge in recent years.…”

“…12 In modern society, extrinsic factors have gained prominence due to increased consumption of acidic beverages. 18 Among these extrinsic sources, excessive and continuous consumption of low-pH (pH <5.5) beverages is a primary risk factor for the development of erosive lesions, 12,13 making this condition a significant clinical challenge in recent years. 19 In this sense, the search for an active substance capable of protecting dental enamel from mineral loss and maintaining the dynamics between demineralization/remineralization, especially during daily dietary habits, is necessary.…”

“…19 In this sense, the search for an active substance capable of protecting dental enamel from mineral loss and maintaining the dynamics between demineralization/remineralization, especially during daily dietary habits, is necessary. 12,18 Thus, bioactive glass-ceramics emerge as a viable option due to the efficiency presented in remineralization processes, control of dental erosion, and carious lesions, 20,21 as well as demonstrating remineralization potential in demineralized dentin tissue and occlusive capacity in its tubules with a structure similar to hydroxyapatite. 21,22 Given this therapeutic possibility, orodispersible films emerge as an alternative, being a type of oral drug delivery system that can be used as a vehicle of delivering bioactive glass-ceramics to the oral cavity, promoting an innovative combination of techniques and biomaterials in the formulation of a remineralization therapy, which would have significant impacts on the preservation of dental structure.…”