The Effect of Phytoplasma Disease Caused by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’ on the Phenological and Pomological Traits in Apricot Trees

Nečas, Tomáš; Kiss, Tomáš; Eichmeier, Aleš; Nečasová, J.; Ondrášek, I.

doi:10.15835/nbha46110879

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Interestingly, 26% of phytoplasma-positive samples were asymptomatic, which is almost the same as that reported for 'Ca. P. prunorum' where 25% of infected trees showed no symptoms (Nečas et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ isolates in the Czech Republic based on imp gene genotyping

Valentová

Bohunická

Rejlová

et al. 2022

Not Bot Horti Agrobo

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‘Candidatus Phytoplasma spp.’ are pathogenic bacteria that infect many plant species. ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’, one of the members of the 16SrX group causes pear decline disease that adversely affects pear crops. To describe the prevalence of ‘Ca. P. pyri’ genotypes in the Czech Republic, 143 pear samples were collected from 41 locations including commercial orchards as well as trees along roads. Phytoplasma was detected by PCR in 115 samples, and it was possible to determine imp gene genotype in 84 samples. The most frequent genotypes were A1, B1, and C, which were identified in 71% of phytoplasma positive samples. ‘Ca. P. pyri’ was present either alone or as a mix of two populations in 88% of genotyped samples, and in another 6% of samples it was found in a mixed infection with ‘Ca. Phytoplasma mali’. A sole infection with ‘Ca. Phytoplasma mali’ was observed in 6% of samples. As for symptoms, 19% of symptomatic samples were found to be phytoplasma negative, and 74% of asymptomatic samples proved to be phytoplasma positive; leaf roll was more often observed in phytoplasma positive samples, while leaf narrowing rather indicated the absence of phytoplasma. The mildest symptoms were observed in samples infected with ‘Ca. P. pyri’ of the A1 imp genotype.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ isolates in the Czech Republic based on imp gene genotyping

Valentová

Bohunická

Rejlová

et al. 2022

Not Bot Horti Agrobo

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“…The most common ESFY symptoms are leafroll and leaf yellowing or reddening during the growing season and leaf bud break before flowering during the dormant season. Infected trees have reduced yield and vitality [ 4 ], and the susceptible genotypes may become unproductive 8 to 10 years after planting [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’ in the Czech Republic and Susceptibility of Apricot Rootstocks to the Two Most Abundant Haplotypes

Kiss,

Šafářová,

Navrátil

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’ is one of the most destructive pathogens of Prunus species, where susceptible species render unproductive several years after infection. In epidemiology, the molecular characterization of phytoplasmas is based on sequence analysis of variable nonribosomal genes. In this study aceF, pnp, imp and secY genes were used for characterization of the ‘Ca. P. prunorum’ genotypes present in the Czech Republic. In total, 56 plant and 33 vector (Cacopsylla pruni) samples positive to ‘Ca. P. prunorum’ collected in seven localities were used in the study. Based on sequence analysis, four aceF, two pnp, six imp, and three secY genotypes were identified in analyzed samples. The most abundant in both plant and insect samples were the A6, P2, I4, and S2 genotypes. Most of the Czech ‘Ca. P. prunorum’ haplotypes clustered together in the haplotype network analysis. Next, two isolates representing the two most abundant Czech haplotypes (A6-P2-I4-S2 and A5-P2-I4-S2) were used in the susceptibility test of three apricot rootstock types (St. Julien A, M-VA-1, GF-305). Susceptibility was analyzed by phytoplasma quantification using quantitative real-time PCR and evaluation of symptom manifestation. Based on the results, the influence of the rootstock type on the phytoplasma titer and symptom manifestation was greater than of the phytoplasma isolate, while the year of analysis had no influence on the results. The results also showed that the phytoplasma titer is increasing in plant tissues during the vegetation period.

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“…For example, the causal agent of the European stone fruit yellows (ESFY), ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’, infects different species of the genus Prunus . Infected trees suffer from severe symptoms, yield poorly, and exhibit dieback and decline (Kison and Seemüller 2001 ; Marcone et al 1996 ; Nečas et al 2017 ). Several Prunus species are susceptible to ‘ Ca .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phloem Metabolites of Prunus Sp. Rather than Infection with Candidatus Phytoplasma Prunorum Influence Feeding Behavior of Cacopsylla pruni Nymphs

Gallinger

Gross

2020

J Chem Ecol

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Phytoplasmas are specialized small bacteria restricted to the phloem tissue and spread by hemipterans feeding on plant sieve tube elements. As for many other plant pathogens, it is known that phytoplasmas alter the chemistry of their hosts. Most research on phytoplasma-plant interactions focused on the induction of plant volatiles and phytohormones. Little is known about the influence of phytoplasma infections on the nutritional composition of phloem and consequences on vector behavior and development. The plum psyllid Cacopsylla pruni transmits 'Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum', the causing agent of European Stone Fruit Yellows (ESFY). While several Prunus species are susceptible for psyllid feeding, they show different responses to the pathogen. We studied the possible modulation of plant-insect interactions by bacteria-induced changes in phloem sap chemistry. Therefore, we sampled phloem sap from phytoplasma-infected and non-infected Prunus persica and Prunus insititia plants, which differ in their susceptibility to ESFY and psyllid feeding. Furthermore, the feeding behavior and development of C. pruni nymphs was compared on infected and non-infected P. persica and P. insititia plants. Phytoplasma infection did not affect phloem consumption by C. pruni nymphs nor their development time. In contrast, the study revealed significant differences between P. insititia and P. persica in terms of both phloem chemistry and feeding behavior of C. pruni nymphs. Phloem feeding phases were four times longer on P. insititia than on P. persica, resulting in a decreased development time and higher mortality of vector insects on P. persica plants. These findings explain the low infestation rates of peach cultivars with plum psyllids commonly found in field surveys.

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The Effect of Phytoplasma Disease Caused by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’ on the Phenological and Pomological Traits in Apricot Trees

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

A survey of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ isolates in the Czech Republic based on imp gene genotyping

A survey of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ isolates in the Czech Republic based on imp gene genotyping

Molecular Characterization of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’ in the Czech Republic and Susceptibility of Apricot Rootstocks to the Two Most Abundant Haplotypes

Phloem Metabolites of Prunus Sp. Rather than Infection with Candidatus Phytoplasma Prunorum Influence Feeding Behavior of Cacopsylla pruni Nymphs

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