The Effect of Phosphine and Methyl Bromide on Germination of Rice and Corn Seeds

Abstract

The germination of rice and corn seeds within the graded moisture range between 11 and 15% was tested after they were fumigated with phosphine and methyl bromide at their different concentrations, exposure times and temperatures. The sorption of the fumigants by both seeds was also studied. The viability of rice seeds with 11 and 15% moisture was not impaired by phosphine with its concentration up to 200 mg/l. Corn seeds were also tolerant to the fumigant when their moisture content remained 1100. With the 15% moisture their viability was affected drastically at both 30C and 35C. Rice seeds were more sensitive to methyl bromide than corn seeds. To maintain their reasonable viability when exposed to up to 5 mg/l of methyl bromide at 25C and 30C for 5 days, moisture of the rice seeds should not be higher than 1100. Corn seeds were generally viable when exposed to up to l0 mg/l of methyl bromide at 25C and 30C for 5 days when their moisture content was kept not higher than 13%. The rate of sorption was found to be related to the viability decline of both seeds. Rice seeds sorbed less phosphine than corn seeds and likewise were less affected. As for the methyl bromide sorption the reverse was true. The effects of seed moisture, exposure temperature and time, and types of sorption were also discussed in this paper.

Disinfection of Penicillium-infected Wheat Seed by Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide

“…Phosphine, methyl bromide, ethylene and propylene oxides have been often used as fumigants to control insects (Sittisuang and Nakakita, 1985). Acetaldehyde, propanol, and butanal were tested on cherry fruit to control P. expansum conidial germination (Matthesis and Roberts, 1993).…”

Χαρακτηρισμός Και Διερεύνηση Της Ανθεκτικότητας Στη Φωσφίνη Πληθυσμών Κολεοπτέρων Αποθηκών Με Διαφορετική Γεωγραφική Προέλευση

“…Η χρήση εναλλακτικών μεθόδων όπως το όζον, το carbonyl sulfide (COS) και το sulfuryl fluoride (SF) επικρίθηκαν λόγω της απροθυμίας της αγοράς να αποδεχθεί χημικά κατάλοιπα, και ως εκ τούτου είναι αναπόφευκτο ότι η φωσφίνη θα συνεχίσει να διαδραματίζει σημαντικό ρόλο για την αντιμετώπιση των εντόμων αποθηκών σε χώρους αποθήκευσης (Nayak et al 2013(Nayak et al , 2020.  Δεν αφήνει υπολείμματα σε επεξεργασμένα τρόφιμα (Scudamore andGoodship 1986, Lee et al 1991)  Δεν αποτελεί απειλή για τη βιωσιμότητα των σπόρων (Strong and Lindgren 1960, Zutshi 1966, Ahmad 1976, Sittisuang and Nakakita 1985, Krishnasamy and Seshu 1990  Το αέριο παράγεται εύκολα από προϊόντα φωσφιδίου μετά την έκθεση σε υγρό και θερμό αέρα  Είναι σχετικά φθηνή μέθοδος σε σύγκριση με άλλα καπνιστικά και εύκολη στην εφαρμογή (Chaudhry 2000). (Bond 1984):…”