The effect of perceived distance on induced movement

Abstract

The magnitude of induced movement was measured as a function of the perceived depth between the test object and the plane of the induction object, with this perceived depth produced by stereoscopic cues. Three experiments were conducted. In each experiment, the induction object (a frame of constant physical size) was positioned at one of three distances with the test object (a point of light) placed successively at each of the three distances. Predictions of the magnitude of induction as a function of the depth separation of the test and induction object were made from the subject-relative and object-relative hypotheses of induced motion. It was expected, however, that neither of these hypotheses would predict the results independently of a factor described in the adjacency principle. This principle states that the effectiveness of whatever cues or processes determine the induced movement will decrease with increased depth between the test and induction object. The data indicate that the adjacency principle must be considered in explaining the results. The subject-relative rather than object-relative hypothesis as modified by the adjacency principle was most successful in predicting the results. Control conditions in which the frame was stationary and the point of light was physically moving were also used. Despite the fact that the relative displacement of the objects on the eye in the experimental and control conditions were the same, the results indicate that 0 could distinguish between these two kinds of conditions. Although the apparent movement was greater in the control conditions than in the experimental conditions, the reverse is true if the total perceived movement of the test and induction object are considered together.

Adaptation in motion perception: Alteration of induced motion

“…Subject-relative displacements, that is, angular change, can also have an effect on the magnitude of induced motion. This was demonstrated by Gogel and Koslow (1971).…”

Motion by Nearby Players Biases Perception but Not Action in Judgments of Baseball Destination

“…Additionally, the effects of the distance between the target and inducing object have also been investigated. Gogel (Gogel & Koslow, 1971;Gogel, 1974Gogel, , 1978Gogel & MacCracken, 1979) has pioneered this line of research, conducting numerous experiments in which he varied either the actual or perceived distance between the target and inducer in either the frontoparallel plane or in depth, respectively. The results of these experiments supported his "adjacency principle," according to which the effectiveness of the IRM cues, and consequently the strength of the dlusion, is diminished as the distance between the target and inducing object is increased.…”

Virtual guiding avatar

“…another critical factor [6]. Relative to the entire visual scene, the avatar was very small, which made the likelihood of motion induction of the avatar high.…”