The Effect of Pentobarbital on Alcohol Withdrawal in Dogs

Essig, Carl F.; Jones, Barry D.; Lam, Robert

doi:10.1001/archneur.1969.00480110118013

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Transient hypersynchronization has also been observed (Wikler et al, 1956) in the EEGs of volunteers during withdrawal following a period of prolonged administration of alcohol. Numerous animal studies have been done attempting to prevent seizures during withdrawal through the administration of anticonvulsant agents (Essig and Carter, 1962;Essig et al, 1969;Rothstein, 1973;Gessner, 1974;Chu, 1979Chu, , 1981. Some of these researchers (Essig et al, 1969;Chu, 1979Chu, , 1981 have observed that withdrawal seizures do not occur when anticonvulsive prophylaxis is used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epileptic Seizures in Alcoholism and Diagnostic Value of EEG After Sleep Deprivation

Deisenhammer¹,

Klingler

Trägner

1984

Epilepsia

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Alcoholism and epileptic seizures frequently coincide. Two groups can be distinguished clinically and by EEG. In one group (group I), seizures occur only during a period of alcohol withdrawal or partial withdrawal and can only be explained because of alcoholism in the history of the patient. In the other group (group II), seizures occur spontaneously, as well as during alcohol withdrawal, and epileptogenic factors (residual brain damage, former epileptic seizures, and a family history of seizures) probably play an important role in the manifestation of the seizures. Paroxysms or focal abnormalities are rarely seen in group I; in group II, EEG abnormalities are seen approximately as frequently as in other epileptic conditions. Both groups were examined to determine the extent of their EEG abnormalities after 24 h of sleep deprivation. Before and after sleep deprivation, only 4% of 52 chronic alcoholic patients without epileptogenic risk factors had EEG foci. Of the 52, 2% before sleep deprivation and 8% after sleep deprivation had generalized paroxysms. Of 128 chronic alcoholic patients with additional epileptogenic factors, 19% before sleep deprivation and 24% after sleep deprivation had EEG foci, and 17% before and 28% after sleep deprivation had generalized paroxysms. The pathogenesis of epileptic seizures in both groups and the therapeutic consequences are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epileptic Seizures in Alcoholism and Diagnostic Value of EEG After Sleep Deprivation

Deisenhammer¹,

Klingler

Trägner

1984

Epilepsia

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“…What has not been well studied, however, is the incidence of dependence or habit formation of those exposed, of the strength of the habits, and of the tolerance and withdrawal characteristics, with the exception of sporadic studies and case reports (see, for example, GLATT, 1968GLATT, , 1969ESSIG, 1969;FINER, 1970;CHAMBERS et aI., 1972;CROWLEY et aI., 1974 b;PATCH, 1974;GREENBLATT and SHADER, 1974a, b;WEISE et aI., 1973;WEISE and PRICE, 1975;GREEN and MACDONALD, 1976;WESSON and SMITH, 1977).…”

Section: B Patterns Of Nonmedical Use Ofsedativejhypnotic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…III, Chap. 2); ESSIG, 1969;HOLLISTER, 1973;GREENBLATT and SHADER, 1974a, b;WEISE and PRICE, 1975;N.I.D.A. 1974;JONES et aI., 1976).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Dependency On Sedativejhypnotic Agentsunclassified

The Pharmacology of Sedative/Hypnotics, Alcohol, and Anesthetics: Sites and Mechanisms of Action

Smith¹

1977

Drug Addiction I

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“…of ethanol withdrawal (Essig et al 1969;Goldstein 1972;Sprague and Craigmill 1976). Others have tested drugs that are known to interfere with certain neurotransmitters in the brain (Goldstein 1973(Goldstein , 1979Cooper et al 1979).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of ethanol, phenobarbital, and baclofen on ethanol withdrawal in the rhesus monkey

Tarika

Winger

1980

Psychopharmacology

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Physical dependence on ethanol was produced in four rhesus monkeys by IV ethanol administration every 8 h. Ethanol was administered on each occasion until the eyeblink reflex was lost. Evidence of physical dependence development, in the form of tremoring 8 h after an infusion, appeared on day 8 of chronic administration. Abrupt cessation of ethanol administration following 16 days of chronic administration was accompanied by moderate to severe tremoring, retching, vomiting, and one or more convulsions. Peak withdrawal occurred between 12 and 32 h after abrupt discontinuation of ethanol administration, and decreased over a period of 64-204 h. Ethanol dependence was then reinstated. Once every 3-4 days, ethanol was withheld for 16 h. Withdrawal signs were scored for the first 12 h of this period, and then a test dose of ethanol, phenobarbital, or baclofen was administered. Withdrawal or intoxication signs were scored over the next 4 h, at which time ethanol administration was resumed. Both ethanol and phenobarbital suppressed ethanol withdrawal signs in a dose-related manner, and produced dose-related intoxication. Baclofen was largely ineffective in reducing withdrawal-induced tremors, although it was capable of producing sedation of a different type than that produced by phenobarbitol and ethanol.

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The Effect of Pentobarbital on Alcohol Withdrawal in Dogs

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

Epileptic Seizures in Alcoholism and Diagnostic Value of EEG After Sleep Deprivation

Epileptic Seizures in Alcoholism and Diagnostic Value of EEG After Sleep Deprivation

The Pharmacology of Sedative/Hypnotics, Alcohol, and Anesthetics: Sites and Mechanisms of Action

The effects of ethanol, phenobarbital, and baclofen on ethanol withdrawal in the rhesus monkey

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