The Effect of Pelleting, Salt, and Pentosanase on the Viscosity of Intestinal Contents and the Performance of Broilers Fed Rye

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to determine the impact of pelleting of rye, dietary salt (.39 and .57%), and crude pentosanase supplementation (0 and .2%) on the viscosity of intestinal contents and the concomitant performance of broiler chicks fed rye-based diets. Each treatment was replicated six times with six birds per replicate. Test diets were fed from 1 day to 3 wk of age, at which time body weight, feed intake, intestinal viscosity, and molecular weight distribution of carbohydrate complexes were determined in fore and hind gut sections. Enzyme supplementation in all treatment combinations significantly increased weight gains and feed conversion efficiency (FCE). Pelleting and salt did not influence weight gain or FCE, although feed intake was increased through the addition of salt. The viscosity of fore and hind gut contents was significantly reduced with pentosanase supplementation, whereas the effects of salt or pelleting were not as clearly defined. Weight gain and FCE correlated with fore but not hind gut viscosity. The viscosity of gut samples was found to be best described by the concentration of carbohydrate complexes with an average molecular weight greater than 500,000 Da. Pentosanase treatment reduced lumenal concentration of these complexes, thereby reducing viscosity and stimulating improvements in growth and FCE.

Effect of increasing the proportion of dietary concentrate for dairy cows on the composition of ruminal contents and faeces and physico-chemical characteristics of duodenal digesta

“…Published values for viscosity of duodenal digesta from cattle are not available. However, the values observed are lower than those reported for total intestinal contents from broilers (Bedford et al 1991). Bedford (1996) indicated that increases of intestinal viscosity from 1 to 5 cP depressed diffusion of protein molecules of molecular weight of 1000 Da by as much as 40%.…”

“…However, the values observed are lower than those reported for total intestinal contents from broilers (Bedford et al 1991). Bedford (1996) indicated that increases of intestinal viscosity from 1 to 5 cP depressed diffusion of protein molecules of molecular weight of 1000 Da by as much as 40%. Many intestinal luminal peptides are of molecular weight larger than the one indicated by Bedford (1996), such as the monitor peptide (61 amino acid residues) and the CCK releasing factor (1000-5000 Da) are involved in release of hormones such as CCK (Liddle 1995).…”

“…Bedford (1996) indicated that increases of intestinal viscosity from 1 to 5 cP depressed diffusion of protein molecules of molecular weight of 1000 Da by as much as 40%. Many intestinal luminal peptides are of molecular weight larger than the one indicated by Bedford (1996), such as the monitor peptide (61 amino acid residues) and the CCK releasing factor (1000-5000 Da) are involved in release of hormones such as CCK (Liddle 1995). This hormone interacts with insulin (Mineo et al 1994) which is involved in pancreatic amylase secretion (Brannon 1990).…”

Efficacy and Metabolizable Energy Equivalence of an α-Amylase-β-Glucanase Complex for Broilers

“…Part of the plant nutrients, such as starch and protein, are trapped within the insoluble cell walls (this is sometimes referred as cage effect) such that poultry are unable to access these nutrients (Englyst, 1989). Also, soluble fibers dissolve in the gut, forming viscous gels that trap nutrients and slow down rates of digestion and feed rate passage through the gut (Bedford et al, 1991;Veldman et al, 1994). …”

Variability for grain extract viscosity in inbred lines and an F2 population of rye (Secale cereale L.)

“…3.5-7.5 7.6-1 1 .5 1 1 .6-1 5.5 1 5. 6-19.5 19.6-23.5 Viscosity Range (cps) (Fengler and Marquardt 1988a, b), and incorporation of crude (Petterson and Aman 1989) or purified pentosanase (Grootwassink et al 1989) alleviates the effect by reducing the viscosity of intestinal contents (Bedford et al 1991 ;Teitge et al l99l). The solubilized pentosans, and the viscosity they confer, interfere with nutrient digestion and absorption.…”