The effect of pavement characteristics on pedestrians' thermal comfort in Toronto

Taleghani, Mohammad; Berardi, Umberto

doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2017.05.007

Cited by 156 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Solar reflective pavement interventions, or 'cool streets' , forefront the issue of human outdoor thermal exposure. Some scholars hypothesize improvements (Synnefa et al 2007); others predict increased thermal stress and glare (Erell et al 2014, Taleghani et al 2016, Taleghani and Berardi 2018. Here, we go beyond modeling and simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Solar reflective pavements—A policy panacea to heat mitigation?

Middel

Turner

Schneider

et al. 2020

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Cities worldwide are piloting the use of solar reflective coatings on roads to mitigate the Urban Heat Island (UHI). Solar reflective pavement has been praised as simple, low-cost solution with a demonstrated ability to reduce surface temperature. Less well understood is the effect of solar reflective coatings on radiant heat, which influences human thermal exposure and comfort. We present the first biometeorological observations of solar reflective coating to investigate its thermal performance from a pedestrian perspective. Hourly transects were conducted in two Los Angeles neighborhoods with MaRTy, a mobile platform that measures air, surface, and mean radiant temperature. Transects were performed on July 30, 2019, a typical summer day with low wind speeds and maximum air temperature of 31 • C. The surface temperature of coated asphalt concrete was 4 • C to 6 • C lower than that of regular asphalt concrete, but coated surfaces reflected 118 Wm −2 more shortwave radiation on average and up to 168 Wm −2 more at noon. In the evening, MaRTy observed 20 to 30 Wm −2 of added reflected shortwave radiation on sidewalks next to the reflective pavement. Mean radiant temperature over reflective pavement was 4 • C higher during midday. Although air temperature was reduced by 0.5 • C in the afternoon, after-sunset cooling was negligible. Findings illustrate the benefits and disadvantages of reflective pavement with respect to various thermal performance metrics. Cities should weigh the tradeoffs of UHI mitigation, thermal exposure, implementation and maintenance costs, lifecycle, and other competing priorities in the context of space use.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Solar reflective pavements—A policy panacea to heat mitigation?

Middel

Turner

Schneider

et al. 2020

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…These make ENVI‐met suitable for the evaluation of outdoor thermal conditions in a neighborhood scale. Several studies have used such micro‐meteorological outputs of ENVI‐met to calculate outdoor thermal comfort . ENVI‐met has been validated by various field measurement campaigns.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Several studies have used such micro-meteorological outputs of ENVI-met to calculate outdoor thermal comfort. 28,29 ENVI-met has been validated by various field measurement campaigns. In most of these studies, simulated and measured sets of air temperature are compared.…”

Section: Phase 1: Indoor Thermal Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy performance and summer thermal comfort of traditional courtyard buildings in a desert climate

Zamani

Heidari

Azmoodeh

et al. 2019

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Courtyards have been traditionally used as a passive design strategy in desert climates. However, few studies have quantified the thermal performance of this building archetype. This paper explored the indoor and outdoor thermal conditions of a typical courtyard house in Iran. The study was performed in two phases. The first phase showed the effect of the position of the zones located in four sides of the courtyard on their indoor energy use and indoor thermal comfort. The results showed that the east and west sides of the courtyard require the highest cooling demand due to the solar radiation in summer time. Furthermore, maximum discomfort hours occurred in the east zone. In the second phase, hourly air temperature inside and outside of the courtyard were compared during the longest day of the year (21st of June). The results showed that inside of the courtyard was 1.2 °C cooler than the outside on average. Moreover, it was observed that the temperature fluctuations outside of the courtyard were higher than the inside. To sum up, the results showed that courtyards can provide a cooler microclimate in summer time.

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“…Figure 5 shows how the surface temperature of an asphalt roof can be risen by sun. In [81], the effect of ground surface albedo on the microclimate and pedestrians' thermal comfort were studied. Micrometeorological simulations were performed to see the impact of improving the albedo from 0.1 to 0.3 and 0.5.…”

Section: Reflective Ground Pavementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor thermal comfort by different heat mitigation strategies- A review

Taleghani

2018

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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240

115

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Due to the ongoing global warming, heat mitigation strategies are becoming implemented through practice and simulations. These efforts aim to make the cities that are dealing with the urban heat island more livable. The effect of heat mitigation strategies on climate condition and energy consumption have been studied and compared, previously. In this paper, the effect of these strategies on human thermal comfort in urban open spaces is reviewed. Specifically, the review is focused on vegetation (in the form of parks, street trees, green roofs and green walls), and highly reflective materials (on roof and on the ground level) as the most common strategies for improving the thermal conditions in cities. Several studies done by simulation or through field measurement in different countries are described. The most important finding of the review is the fact that although highly reflective materials reduce air temperature in urban open spaces, they increase the re-radiation of sun to the pedestrians. Therefore, vegetation is a better choice for improving thermal comfort in the pedestrian level.

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The effect of pavement characteristics on pedestrians' thermal comfort in Toronto

Cited by 156 publications

References 24 publications

Solar reflective pavements—A policy panacea to heat mitigation?

Solar reflective pavements—A policy panacea to heat mitigation?

Energy performance and summer thermal comfort of traditional courtyard buildings in a desert climate

Outdoor thermal comfort by different heat mitigation strategies- A review

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