The Effect of Patient Specific Factors on Occlusal Forces Generated: Best Evidence Consensus Statement

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this Best Evidence Consensus Statement was to search the literature to determine if there is a relationship between patient specific factors and occlusal force. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted in the following databases: Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews (EBMR), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, and Ovid MEDLINE(R) and Epub Ahead of Print. Articles on patient factors and occlusal force were compiled by using a combination of the key words: "bite force," "occlusal force," "partial and complete edentulism," "bruxism," and "orthognathic class." Inclusion criteria included meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, case series, and journal articles. Exclusion criteria were case reports, studies in children, animals, and bench studies. Results: Of the 1502 articles that met the initial search criteria, 97 related to patientspecific factors affecting occlusal forces. These articles were evaluated, rated, and organized into appropriate categories addressing questions of foci. Conclusions: The range of occlusal force is highly variable among subjects correlated to patient specific factors such as age, gender, partial and complete edentulism, the presence of a maxillofacial defect, location of edentulous area, orthognathic profile, and magnitude of occlusal vertical dimension. Tooth replacement therapies targeted at increasing occlusal contact seem to have a positive effect on increasing occlusal force. Bruxism does not necessarily demonstrate higher occlusal powering but may have greater tooth contact time. Occlusal force is not clearly affected by the type of dental restoration or restorative material used. The clinical significance of the changes in occlusal forces is yet to be determined.

Biomechanical Modelling for Tooth Survival Studies: Mechanical Properties, Loads and Boundary Conditions—A Narrative Review

“…Shinogaya et al (2001) reported a lower occlusal force and higher contact area between teeth in senior subjects compared to younger subjects [ 208 ]. Recent studies also present results in accordance [ 209 , 210 , 211 , 212 ]. Mechanical properties are also affected by the age of the specimen.…”

“…Gender, as well, is a relevant characteristic towards the total occlusion force that can be exerted between teeth. The magnitude of the MBF is different between genders [ 211 ]. Braun et al (1996) studied the changes in MBF during growth in both male and female subjects from 6 to 20 years old, finding out that during growth, MBF increases in both males and females in a similar manner, but after puberty, male maximum bite forces increase at a greater great than females [ 215 ].…”

“…The presence of artificial dentures (partial or complete) also conditions remaining teeth lifespan. Several studies indicate that MBF decrease for teeth loss is not completely reverted by dentures, being MBF bigger the smaller the denture [ 210 , 211 ]. Endodontically treated patients present higher MBF values due to sensitivity loss [ 220 ].…”

[Retracted] Periodontal Clinical Parameters as a Predictor of Bite Force: A Cross‐Sectional Study

“…Turkistani et al have shown that Class III malocclusion subjects with decreased overjet and decreased overbite displayed higher bite force in the posterior teeth compared to other groups [ 14 ]. The spectrum of occlusal force differs widely among subjects linked to patient-specific factors such as age, gender, partial and full edentulism, existence of a maxillofacial defect, edentulous position, orthognathic profile, and vertical occlusal dimension magnitude [ 15 ]. Using a transducer occlusal force meter (GM10; Nagano Keiki, Tokyo, Japan), Al-Zarea [ 16 ] reported that the maximum occlusal bite force values on the dentate side are greater than those on the fixed partial denture side.…”

The effect of different implant location in mandibular implant assisted partial overdentures restoring Kennedy class I cases on peri-implant bone level changes and patient’s satisfaction

“…Nevertheless, it should be acknowledged that participants were apparently aware of having a sophisticated and modern implant treatment modality, that could have made them satisfied with their dentures and this is in agreement with a study done (33) . Partial or complete prosthetic replacement of missing dentition is associated with reduced chewing efficiency and consequently decreased patient satisfaction (34) . The positioning of posterior teeth and the bite force are the most important factors affecting the efficiency of the masticatory system (35) .…”