The Effect of Paternal Incarceration on Children's Risk of Foster Care Placement

Andersen, Signe Hald; Wildeman, Christopher

doi:10.1093/sf/sou027

Cited by 58 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In addition, prior research demonstrates that incarceration/reentry is more difficult for families for which incarceration is a “shock” (Anderson and Wildeman 2014). To account for this, we include a measure that asked the respondents if any of their family members were ever in a correctional facility (1 = “yes”, 0 = “no”).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Developmental Perspective on Reentry: Understanding the Causes and Consequences of Family Conflict and Peer Delinquency during Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood

Mowen

Boman

2017

J Youth Adolescence

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Despite the uniqueness of an incarceration experience for adolescents, there remains a shortage of research on adolescents and emerging adults who have been recently released from detention centers and are returning home during the transitional time period of "reentry". Drawing from the developmental literature, the current study uses a diverse (54% Black, 20% White, 26% Other Race) longitudinal survey of 337 male adolescents living in the United States to examine the interrelationships among crime, substance use, family conflict, and peer delinquency. A series of cross-lagged dynamic panel data models using four waves of data demonstrate that while family conflict and peer delinquency relate to increased offending and substance use, conflict in the family is a major driving force behind both future family conflict and peer delinquency. Overall, findings suggest that family conflict is an overlooked, but absolutely critical, factor in explaining deviance and deviant peer associations alike for adolescents and emerging adults who have been recently incarcerated and released.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Developmental Perspective on Reentry: Understanding the Causes and Consequences of Family Conflict and Peer Delinquency during Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood

Mowen

Boman

2017

J Youth Adolescence

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“…However, paternal incarceration may indirectly increase risk of CPS involvement in four ways: (1) by reducing family economic stability vis-à-vis fathers’ income or child support payment (Chung 2012); (2) by reducing maternal well-being and social support (Foster 2012; Foster and Hagan 2013); (3) by leading to family instability (new maternal romantic relationships) (Cancian, Chung, and Meyer 2015; Foster and Hagan 2007; see also the articles by Apel, Andersen, and Wildeman, Turney, and Yi in this volume); and (4) by leading to poorer post-incarceration parenting (Andersen and Wildeman 2014; Foster 2012; Foster and Hagan 2013; Turney 2014; Turney, Schnittker, and Wildeman 2012). Each of these factors—economic instability, limited maternal well-being and social support, family instability, and low-quality parenting—is associated with increased child maltreatment and CPS involvement (see, e.g., Berger and Slack 2013; Berger and Waldfogel 2011; Stith et al 2009).…”

Section: Links Between Incarceration and Cps Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We are aware of no U.S. study to explicitly examine associations between paternal incarceration and CPS involvement at the micro level using data on both fathers and children. However, Andersen and Wildeman’s (2014) analyses leveraging Danish data and a natural experiment indicate that paternal incarceration is associated with a large increase (roughly a doubling) in the risk of foster care placement. This evidence is suggestive of a causal relation.…”

Section: Links Between Incarceration and Cps Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If so, children may continue to be at risk of CPS involvement even after parents are released from prison. A large body of research has established that incarceration is associated with a range of adverse post-release outcomes spanning employment and earnings, relationship instability and dissolution, paternal financial contributions to children, material hardship, social support, housing instability and homelessness, and health and mental health (for reviews see Andersen and Wildeman 2014; Foster and Hagan 2007, 2009; Wildeman 2009, 2012; Wildeman and Muller 2012). Deficits in these areas are, again, positively associated with child maltreatment (Stith et al 2009).…”

Section: Links Between Incarceration and Cps Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 1 For exceptions, see Andersen and Wildeman (2014), which uses linked Danish administrative data to examine the effect of exogenously induced parental incarceration on out-of-home (foster care) placement for children, as well as Dallaire (2007), Johnson and Waldfogel (2002, 2004), and Glaze and Maruschak (2010), each of which uses survey data collected from inmates to examine their children’s living arrangements (as reported by the incarcerated parent). Whereas these studies focus on out-of-home placements, they do not examine CPS involvement more generally.…”

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confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Families at the Intersection of the Criminal Justice and Child Protective Services Systems

Berger¹,

Cancian²,

Cuesta³

et al. 2016

The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Scie

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In this article, we first describe the incidence and prevalence of incarceration and CPS involvement in the United States. Second, we outline the reasons that the same individuals and families may be at risk for involvement in both systems and review the limited existing research examining links between incarceration and CPS involvement. Third, we use unique longitudinal data from Wisconsin, spanning from 2004 to 2012, to describe intergenerational and intragenerational overlap in the two systems. Specifically, we calculate (1) the proportion of all CPS-involved children who have an incarcerated parent; (2) the proportion of incarcerated adults who have a CPS-involved child; (3) the proportion of incarcerated young men and women who were involved in the CPS system as adolescents; and (4) the proportion of CPS-involved adolescents who subsequently became incarcerated. We conclude with a discussion of potential directions for future research as well as implications for practice and policy.

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Getting under the skin: Physiological stress and witnessing paternal arrest in young children with incarcerated fathers

Muentner

Kapoor

Weymouth

et al. 2021

Developmental Psychobiology

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U.S. jails see nearly 11 million annual admissions, rates that disproportionately affect men of color-more than half of whom are fathers. An estimated 7% of U.S. children experience the incarceration of a parent, increasing their risk for poor developmental and health outcomes. Although stress processes are often suggested as an underlying mechanism linking paternal incarceration to child well-being, few studies have examined such links. To study how witnessing a father's arrest prior to incarceration in jail relates to children's stress processes, we collected data on 123 individuals from 41 families with young children whose father was in jail, including collecting hair from 41 children, and analyzed their cumulative stress hormones, cortisol, and cortisone.Results indicate that children had higher cumulative stress hormone concentrations when they witnessed their father's arrest. Moreover, there was evidence of a blunted stress reaction in children who witnessed the arrest and who also had high levels of ongoing behavioral stress symptoms, similar to findings in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder studies. Long-term exposure to stress can have deleterious effects on children's brain development, further increasing risk for developmental psychopathology.Findings have implications for criminal justice approaches that safeguard children during parental arrest.

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The Effect of Paternal Incarceration on Children's Risk of Foster Care Placement

Cited by 58 publications

References 49 publications

A Developmental Perspective on Reentry: Understanding the Causes and Consequences of Family Conflict and Peer Delinquency during Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood

A Developmental Perspective on Reentry: Understanding the Causes and Consequences of Family Conflict and Peer Delinquency during Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood

Families at the Intersection of the Criminal Justice and Child Protective Services Systems

Getting under the skin: Physiological stress and witnessing paternal arrest in young children with incarcerated fathers

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