The effect of passive heating and head cooling on perception, cardiovascular function and cognitive performance in the heat

Simmons, Shona E.; Saxby, Brian K.; McGlone, Francis; Jones, David A.

doi:10.1007/s00421-008-0677-y

Cited by 96 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A hypothetical report suggested that increasing brain temperature could be therapeutic for depressive conditions (Salerian et al 2008). Conversely, Simmons et al (2008) reported that elevations in core temperature hindered cognitive function and worsened thermal fatigue (i.e., alertness, contentment, calmness, and thermal comfort). Thus, the literature is unclear regarding how a manipulation of body temperature might influence perception.…”

Section: Exercisementioning

confidence: 97%

Pain and thermal sensation in the cold: the effect of interval versus continuous exercise

et al. 2010

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Military and factory work often involves exposure to cold temperatures. With prolonged exposure, individuals report feeling cold and develop pain in their hands, both of which might be alleviated by endogenous heat production via exercise. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how interval (INT) and continuous (CONT) cycle ergometry alter thermal sensation, hand pain, mean finger temperature, and skin surface temperature gradient (forearm-finger) following immobility in moderate cold. Fourteen young men underwent two trials (each was three total hours in 5°C) consisting of a 90-min period of acute cold exposure (ACE), 30 min of exercise (INT or CONT), and a 60-min recovery period (REC). INT and CONT were isoenergetic, reflecting 50 ± 1% of each individual's VO(2) peak. All perceptual scales were significantly correlated during ACE (i.e., test-retest reliability). As expected, individuals felt colder and reported more hand pain during ACE, as compared to thermoneutral conditions. Relative to ACE, both INT and CONT increased mean finger temperature, which was associated with warmer thermal sensation and less hand pain. During REC in 5°C, individuals felt colder and reported more hand pain than during exercise. Although there were no perceptual differences between INT and CONT, moderate exercise in general can cause subjective feelings of warmth and less hand pain in people acutely exposed to moderate cold.

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Section: Exercisementioning

confidence: 97%

Pain and thermal sensation in the cold: the effect of interval versus continuous exercise

et al. 2010

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“…Various aspects of attention (19,22,65), memory (6,19,28,41,54), and executive function (16,17,67) are reduced in heat-stressed younger adults. Therefore, our findings that passive heat stress did not affect the measured indices of cognitive function are unexpected (Figs.…”

Section: Elevations In Body Temperature and Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This chronological cognitive decline may contribute to the risk of deleterious outcomes during heat waves in older adults by, for instance, leading to poor decision-making. Interestingly, perhaps because of the deleterious impact of heat stress on cerebral blood flow (46,61) and/or disruptions in cerebral functional connectivity (66), many cognitive processes are impaired in heat-stressed younger adults [e.g., aspects of attention (19,22,65), memory (6,19,28,41,54), and executive function (16,17,67)], although this is not always observed (3,50,61). If heat stress-induced impairments in cognitive function are amplified with age, this might suggest that the contribution of cognitive factors to the risk of morbidity and mortality during heat waves would be exacerbated in older adults.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive and perceptual responses during passive heat stress in younger and older adults

Schlader

Gagnon

Adams

et al. 2015

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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We tested the hypothesis that attention, memory, and executive function are impaired to a greater extent in passively heat-stressed older adults than in passively heatstressed younger adults. In a randomized, crossover design, 15 older (age: 69 Ϯ 5 yr) and 14 younger (age: 30 Ϯ 4 yr) healthy subjects underwent passive heat stress and time control trials. Cognitive tests (outcomes: accuracy and reaction time) from the CANTAB battery evaluated attention [rapid visual processing (RVP), choice reaction time (CRT)], memory [spatial span (SSP), pattern recognition memory (PRM)], and executive function [one touch stockings of Cambridge (OTS)]. Testing was undertaken on two occasions during each trial, at baseline and after internal temperature had increased by 1.0 Ϯ 0.2°C or after a time control period. For tests that measured attention, reaction time during RVP and CRT was slower (P Յ 0.01) in the older group. During heat stress, RVP reaction time improved (P Ͻ 0.01) in both groups. Heat stress had no effect (P Ն 0.09) on RVP or CRT accuracy in either group. For tests that measured memory, accuracy on SSP and PRM was lower (P Ͻ 0.01) in the older group, but there was no effect of heat stress (P Ն 0.14). For tests that measured executive function, overall, accuracy on OTS was lower, and reaction time was slower in the older group (P Յ 0.05). Reaction time generally improved during heat stress, but there was no effect of heat stress on accuracy in either group. These data indicate that moderate increases in body temperature during passive heat stress do not differentially compromise cognitive function in younger and older adults. cognitive function; aging; hyperthermia; thermal comfort ADULTS OVER THE AGE OF ϳ65 YR are at an increased risk of illness, injury, hospitalization, and death during heat waves (23, 29, 33-36, 63, 64). Age-related impairments in physiological responses to heat stress undoubtedly contribute to this increased risk (32). Heat-stressed older adults have attenuated increases in skin blood flow (30, 31) and sweating (26, 27), as well as impaired cardiovascular adjustments (42, 43). However, both physiological and psychological states influence health and safety (52, 53). Thus, a variety of factors may mediate the deleterious outcomes observed in the older population during heat waves.Healthy aging is associated with a general cognitive decline (49). Aspects of memory (4, 10, 12), attention (1, 12, 40), executive functioning (12,58,60), and processing speed (59) are typically [but not always (37, 48)] impaired with advancing age. This chronological cognitive decline may contribute to the risk of deleterious outcomes during heat waves in older adults by, for instance, leading to poor decision-making. Interestingly, perhaps because of the deleterious impact of heat stress on cerebral blood flow (46, 61) and/or disruptions in cerebral functional connectivity (66), many cognitive processes are impaired in heat-stressed younger adults [e.g., aspects of attention (19, 22, 65), memory (6, 19, 28, 41, 54), an...

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“…Head cooling has been used for headache, 80 epilepsy, 81 multiple sclerosis, 82 sudden deafness from ischaemia of the inner ear, 83 and to alleviate environmental, occupational and exertional heat strain. 84,85 A more common use of head cooling is to cool the scalp to reduce hair loss with certain types of chemotherapy. 71,86,87 There are several commercially available scalpcooling devices.…”

Section: Other Applications Of Therapeutic Head Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of head cooling in adults after traumatic brain injury and stroke

Harris

Andrews²,

Murray³

et al. 2012

Health Technol Assess

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The effect of passive heating and head cooling on perception, cardiovascular function and cognitive performance in the heat

Cited by 96 publications

References 28 publications

Pain and thermal sensation in the cold: the effect of interval versus continuous exercise

Pain and thermal sensation in the cold: the effect of interval versus continuous exercise

Cognitive and perceptual responses during passive heat stress in younger and older adults

Systematic review of head cooling in adults after traumatic brain injury and stroke

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