The effect of particle size, morphology and C-rates on 3D structured Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> inverse opal conversion mode anode materials

McNulty, David; Geaney, Hugh; Carroll, Elaine; Garvey, Shane; Lonergan, Alex; O’Dwyer, Colm

doi:10.1088/2053-1591/aa5a26

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…A schematic representation of these full cells is illustrated in Figure 4a. We have previously reported on the impressive performance of Co 3 O 4 IO anodes in half cells cycled against Li metal [52] and in a full cell arrangement when paired with V 2 O 5 IO cathodes. [53] To our knowledge this study represents the first report on a full Liion cell consisting of a V 2 O 3 cathode paired with a conversion mode anode material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

V₂O₃ Polycrystalline Nanorod Cathode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries with Long Cycle Life and High Capacity Retention

2017

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Type of publicationArticle ( Embargo information Access to this article is restricted until 12 months after publication by request of the publisher. Abstract: We report on the electrochemical performance of V2O3 polycrystalline nanorods (poly-NRs) as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries. Poly-NRs are formed via thermal treatment of V2O5 nanotubes in a N2 atmosphere. X-ray and electron diffraction are used to confirm the thermal reduction. Through galvanostatic cycling we demonstrate that poly-NRs offer excellent capacity retention over 750 cycles. The capacity retention from the 50 th to the 750 th cycle was an impressive ~ 94%, retaining a capacity of ~ 120 mAh g -1 after 750 cycles. The outstanding stability of the nanocrystal-containing V2O3 poly-NRs over many cycles demonstrates that vanadium(III) oxide (V2O3) performs very well as a cathode material. Full Li-ion cells with paired V2O3 poly-NR cathode and a pre-charged Co3O4 inverse opal conversion mode anode demonstrated high initial capacities and retained a capacity of 153 mAh g -1 after 50 cycles.The capacities achieved with our V2O3 poly-NRs/ Co3O4 IO full cells are comparable to the capacities obtained from the most commonly used cathode materials when cycled in a half cell arrangement versus pure Li metal.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

V₂O₃ Polycrystalline Nanorod Cathode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries with Long Cycle Life and High Capacity Retention

2017

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“…As such, inverse opal materials are incorporated into a wide variety of disciplines, including optical [17][18][19], energy storage [20,21], biological [22][23][24] and medical fields [25,26]. The novel, repeating structure can act as an optical waveguide [27], a refractive index sensor [28,29], a biosensor for virus detection [25,30], an enhanced material for solar absorption [31,32], the gain medium in lasing materials [33,34] and structured electrode materials in Li-ion batteries [35][36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filling in the gaps: The nature of light transmission through solvent-filled inverse opal photonic crystals

Lonergan

O’Dwyer

2020

Phys. Rev. Materials

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Understanding the nature of light transmission and the photonic bandgap in inverse opal photonic crystals is essential for linking their optical characteristics to any application. This is especially important when these structures are examined in liquids or solvents. Knowledge of the true correlation between the nature of the inverse opal (IO) photonic bandgap, their structure, and the theories that describe their optical spectra is surprisingly limited compared to colloidal opals or more classical photonic crystal structures. We examined TiO2 and SnO2 IOs in a range of common solvents to solve the conflict between Bragg-Snell theory, optical and physical measurements by a comprehensive angle-resolved light transmission study coupled to microscopy examination of the IO structure. Tuning the position of the photonic bandgap and index contrast by solvent infiltration of each inverse opal requires a modification to the Bragg-Snell theory and the photonic crystal unit cell definition. We also demonstrate experimentally and theroetically that low fill factors are caused by less desne material infilling all interstitial vancancies in the opal template to form an IO. By also including an optical interference condition for inverse opals with an effective refractive index greater than its substrate, and an alternative internal refraction angle in the substrate, angle-resolved transmission spectra for inverse opals are now consistent with physical measurements. This work now allows an accurate correlation between the true response of an IO to the index contrast with a solvent, how an IO is infilled, and the directionality and bandwidth of the photonic bandgap. As control in functional photonic materials becomes more prevalent outside of optics and photonics, such as biosensing and energy storage, for example, a comprehensive and consistent correlation between photonic crystals structures and their primary optical signatures is a fundamental requirement for application.

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“…In the case where a sufficient mole fraction of Li is intercalated to reduce the V, we surmise that at those lower potentials (<0.2 V) conversion mode processes may occur. In that case, the overall process is presumed to follow NaV 2 O 5 + z Li + + z e – → y (Na,Li) 2 O + Li x V 2 O 5– y , where (Na,Li) 2 O species form below 0.2 V following polarization effects noted in the rate of voltage drop in galvanostatic curves from 0.2 to 0.01 V. Capacity fading issues over initial cycles are well-known for conversion mode materials, and similar trends have been reported for materials including Co 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 , and Mn 3 O 4 . − The initial irreversible capacity loss for both samples is due to the significant change in the phase of the starting materials, from a complex compound in the form of V 2 O 5 or NaV 2 O 5 to an unary metal. The heated Na-VONTs demonstrated slightly higher specific capacities than the Na-VONTs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

NaV₂O₅ from Sodium Ion-Exchanged Vanadium Oxide Nanotubes and Its Efficient Reversible Lithiation as a Li-Ion Anode Material

McNulty

Buckley²,

O’Dwyer

2019

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Efficient synthetic protocols for stable oxide materials as Li-ion battery electrodes are important not just for improving long term battery performance, but for tackling potential material abundance issues and understanding the nature of ion-intercalation for beyond lithium technologies. Oxide anodes are denser, typically, than graphite, leading to a doubling or more of the energy density. Using oxides as lower voltage battery anodes, that efficiently and reversibly intercalate cations while avoiding dominating conversion-mode side reactions are much less common. We show that ion-exchanging the molecular templates used to form scrolled, layered vanadium oxide nanotubes (VONTs) with sodium ions allows us to form NaV 2 O 5 crystals that behave as Li-ion battery anodes with efficienct capacity retention over 1000 cycles. We also track and analyse the thermal recrystallization of intralayer Na + ion-exchange in vanadium oxide nanotubes (Na-VONTs) to NaV 2 O 5 by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray and electron diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopy and infra-red spectroscopy. The quantification and understanding of the electrochemical performance of ion-exchanged nanotubes before and after thermal treatment was determined by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling. NaV 2 O 5 in the form of micro-and nanoparticles demonstrate exceptional capacity retention during long cycle life galvanostatic cycling with Li + , retaining 93% of their capacity from the 100 th to the 1000 th cycle, when cycled using an applied specific current of 200 mA/g in a conductive additive and binder-free formulation. Intercalation reactions dominate over much of the voltage range. Conversion mode processes are negligible and the material reversible lithiates with charge compensation by cation (V) redox. This report offers valuable insight into the use of Group I (Li, Na…) elements to make vanadate bronzes as long cycle life and stable Li-ion battery anode materials with higher volumetric energy density.

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The effect of particle size, morphology and C-rates on 3D structured Co₃O₄ inverse opal conversion mode anode materials

Abstract: The effect of particle size, morphology and Crates on 3D structured Co 3 O 4 inverse opal conversion mode anode materials

Cited by 25 publications

References 58 publications

V₂O₃ Polycrystalline Nanorod Cathode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries with Long Cycle Life and High Capacity Retention

V₂O₃ Polycrystalline Nanorod Cathode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries with Long Cycle Life and High Capacity Retention

Filling in the gaps: The nature of light transmission through solvent-filled inverse opal photonic crystals

NaV₂O₅ from Sodium Ion-Exchanged Vanadium Oxide Nanotubes and Its Efficient Reversible Lithiation as a Li-Ion Anode Material

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The effect of particle size, morphology and C-rates on 3D structured Co3O4 inverse opal conversion mode anode materials

Abstract: The effect of particle size, morphology and Crates on 3D structured Co 3 O 4 inverse opal conversion mode anode materials

Cited by 25 publications

References 58 publications

V2O3 Polycrystalline Nanorod Cathode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries with Long Cycle Life and High Capacity Retention

V2O3 Polycrystalline Nanorod Cathode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries with Long Cycle Life and High Capacity Retention

Filling in the gaps: The nature of light transmission through solvent-filled inverse opal photonic crystals

NaV2O5 from Sodium Ion-Exchanged Vanadium Oxide Nanotubes and Its Efficient Reversible Lithiation as a Li-Ion Anode Material

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The effect of particle size, morphology and C-rates on 3D structured Co₃O₄ inverse opal conversion mode anode materials

V₂O₃ Polycrystalline Nanorod Cathode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries with Long Cycle Life and High Capacity Retention

V₂O₃ Polycrystalline Nanorod Cathode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries with Long Cycle Life and High Capacity Retention

NaV₂O₅ from Sodium Ion-Exchanged Vanadium Oxide Nanotubes and Its Efficient Reversible Lithiation as a Li-Ion Anode Material