The effect of parasites on sex differences in selection

Sharp, Nathaniel P.; Vincent, Crystal M.

doi:10.1038/hdy.2014.110

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Likewise, pathogens are also predicted to be a persistent source of selection in sexually dimorphic species (Hamilton ; Hamilton and Zuk ; Hamilton et al. ), and may often differentially impact selection and fitness within each sex (Sharp and Vincent ; discussed in Gipson and Hall ). Key to unravelling the persistence of sexually antagonism under biotic conflict will be the rate ( c vs. Gγ) and direction ( B f , B m ) of male and female optima shifts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic correlations and sex‐specific adaptation in changing environments

2016

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Females and males have conflicting evolutionary interests. Selection favors the evolution of different phenotypes within each sex, yet divergence between the sexes is constrained by the shared genetic basis of female and male traits. Current theory predicts that such "sexual antagonism" should be common: manifesting rapidly during the process of adaptation, and slow in its resolution. However, these predictions apply in temporally stable environments. Environmental change has been shown empirically to realign the direction of selection acting on shared traits and thereby alleviate signals of sexually antagonistic selection. Yet there remains no theory for how common sexual antagonism should be in changing environments. Here, we analyze models of sex-specific evolutionary divergence under directional and cyclic environmental change, and consider the impact of genetic correlations on long-run patterns of sex-specific adaptation. We find that environmental change often aligns directional selection between the sexes, even when they have divergent phenotypic optima. Nevertheless, some forms of environmental change generate persistent sexually antagonistic selection that is difficult to resolve. Our results reinforce recent empirical observations that changing environmental conditions alleviate conflict between males and females. They also generate new predictions regarding the scope for sexually antagonistic selection and its resolution in changing environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic correlations and sex‐specific adaptation in changing environments

2016

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“…Nonetheless, the sexes often experience divergent ecological demands (e.g., Shine ; De Lisle and Rowe ; Cooper et al. ; Sharp and Vincent ; Slatkin ) which may be accompanied (or exacerbated) by sex‐specific tradeoffs. For example, typically male‐biased investment in secondary sex traits might result in the male phenotypic mean residing, on average, farther from its viability selection optimum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The strength of sex‐specific selection in the wild

Singh

Punzalan

2018

Evolution

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Anisogamy predisposes the sexes to very different patterns of selection on shared traits. Selective differences between the sexes may manifest as changes in the direction or strength of selection acting on shared phenotypes. Although previous studies havefound evidence for widespread differences in the direction of selection between the sexes, surprisingly little is known regarding potential differences in the magnitude of selection and whether such differences might be confined to specific components of fitness. We conducted a meta-analysis using 865 estimates of phenotypic selection from wild populations to characterize sex differences in the strength of selection and to ask whether different components of fitness exhibit differences in sex bias in the strength of selection. Overall, consistent with past results, we find evidence of male bias in the strength of selection, driven primarily by components of fitness related to mating success and we discuss several evolutionary implications. K E Y W O R D S : meta-analysis, natural selection, phenotypic selection, selection gradients, sexual conflict, sexual selection, sexually antagonistic selection.

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“…Here, we used long-term population data on individual variation in parasite load as a measure of condition to investigate the role of sexual selection in promoting local adaptation of males and females, following the approach in some previous studies on parasite-mediated and condition-dependent sexual selection [37,38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, field studies on red grouse (Lagopus lagopus) revealed a negative effect of parasite load on body condition and resulted in condition-dependent expression of secondary sexual characters [37]. In laboratory bred populations of D. melanogaster, experimental infection with the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa revealed sex differences in parasite-mediated sexual selection [38]. The aforementioned studies suggest that parasite load can reduce condition, and as a result, influence sexual selection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites Mediate Condition-Dependent Sexual Selection for Local Adaptation in a Natural Insect Population

Gómez‐Llano

Narasimhan²,

Svensson

2019

Preprint

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Author contributions: MGL, EIS and AN designed the study. MGL and AN carried out the experiments. EIS and his former field assistants and PhD-students collected the observational long-term data. MGL conducted the statistical analyses and wrote the text with substantial input from EIS and AN.Acknowledgements: Observational data used in this study has been collected with the help of numerous PhD-students, field assistants and interns over the years. Sofie Nilén and Emily Scott helped collecting I. elegans individuals in the mating trial experiments. EIS was financially supported by research grants from Gyllenstiernska Krapperupsstiftelsen, Olle Engqvist Byggmästare Foundation (postdoctoral scholarship to MGL), Lunds Djurskyddsfond and the Swedish Research Council (VR; grant no. 2016-03356). Data Accessibility Statement: Data will be accessible in a public repository upon acceptance Word count (excluding figure legends and references): 6910 Text includes 4 figures, 2 table and 4 supplementary tables. ABSTRACTCondition-dependent sexual selection has been suggested to reduce mutation load, and sexual selection might also accelerate local adaptation and promote evolutionary rescue through several ecological and genetic mechanisms. Research on conditiondependent sexual selection has mainly been performed in laboratory settings, while data from natural populations are lacking. One ecological factor that can cause condition-dependent sexual selection is parasitism. Here, we quantified ectoparasite load (Arrenurus water mites) in a natural population of the common bluetail damselfly (Ischnura elegans) over 15 years. We estimated parasite-mediated sexual selection in both sexes and investigated how parasite resistance and tolerance changed over time and influenced population density. Parasites reduced mating success in both sexes, but the effects were stronger in males than in females. The male fitness advantage of carrying fewer parasites was higher under experimental low-density conditions than under high-density field conditions, suggesting that male-male competition could reduce parasite-mediated sexual selection. We further show that population density declined during the study period, while parasite resistance and male fitness tolerance (fecundity) increased, suggestive of increasing local adaptation against parasites and ongoing evolutionary rescue. We suggest that condition-dependent sexual selection can facilitate population persistence and promote evolutionary rescue by increasing local adaptation against parasites.

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The effect of parasites on sex differences in selection

Cited by 19 publications

References 41 publications

Genetic correlations and sex‐specific adaptation in changing environments

Genetic correlations and sex‐specific adaptation in changing environments

The strength of sex‐specific selection in the wild

Parasites Mediate Condition-Dependent Sexual Selection for Local Adaptation in a Natural Insect Population

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