The effect of parabolic flight on perceived physical, motivational and psychological state in men and women: Correlation with neuroendocrine stress parameters and electrocortical activity

Schneider, Stefan; Askew, Christopher D.; Brümmer, Vera; Kleinert, Jens; Guardiera, Simon; Abel, Thomas; Strüder, Heiko K.

doi:10.1080/10253890802499175

Cited by 33 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Stress is an important risk factor in periodontitis, as shown in our previous studies (15)(16)(17). Stress is induced in an isolated environment and in an international, multicultural work atmosphere (16)(17)(18)(19); however, the harsh environment might have caused stress during this mission. Decreases in immunoglobulin levels might have been due to compromised mucosal immunity (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal status, salivary immunoglobulin, and microbial counts after short exposure to an isolated environment

Rai¹,

Kaur²

2013

J Oral Sci

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Salivary flow rate, immunoglobulin, and periodontal status were affected during a simulated Skylab mission. The effect is more prominent after long-duration space flights and can persist for several weeks after landing. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a simulated Mars environment on periodontal status and levels of salivary microorganisms and immunoglobulins in the human oral cavity. Twelve healthy male volunteers were studied before, at 1 and 2 weeks, and after completion of a mission in an isolated, confined simulated Mars environment at the Mars Desert Research Station, USA. We conducted a current stress test, measured salivary immunoglobulin, cortisol, α-amylase, salivary flow rate, and levels of plaque and salivary microbes, and assessed clinical periodontal parameters (probing depth, bleeding on probing, and clinical loss of attachment). Salivary IgG levels and Streptococcus mutans activity were significantly higher at 1 week. Values for clinical periodontal parameters (probing depth, bleeding on probing, and clinical loss of attachment) significantly differed at 1 week. Stress might be caused by the difficulty of the mission rather than the isolated environment, as mission duration was quite short. Periodontal condition might worsen due to poor oral hygiene during the mission. The present findings show that all periodontal conditions and levels of oral bacteria and stress after completion of the simulated Mars mission differed from those at baseline. To verify the relationship between stress status and periodontal health in simulated Mars missions, future studies using larger patient samples and longer follow-up will be required. (J Oral Sci 55, 139-143, 2013)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal status, salivary immunoglobulin, and microbial counts after short exposure to an isolated environment

Rai¹,

Kaur²

2013

J Oral Sci

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“…The Achilles tendon observations could be explained by a general relaxation during the flight. In general, participants of a parabolic flight are initially quite nervous before the flight and exhausted after the flight [24]. Once they have experienced the effect of weightlessness, a general relaxation can be assumed, especially as participants were allowed to take anti-nausea medication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of monitoring muscle health in microgravity environments using Myoton technology

Schneider

Peipsi²,

Stokes

et al. 2014

Med Biol Eng Comput

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110

101

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Physical exercise is important for people living under extreme environmental conditions to stay healthy. Particularly in space, exercise can partially counteract the loss of muscle mass and muscle strength caused by microgravity. Monitoring the adaptation of the musculoskeletal system to assess muscle quality and devise individual training programmes is highly desirable but is restricted by practical, technical and time constraints on board the International Space Station (ISS). This study aimed to test the feasibility of using myometric measurements to monitor the mechanical properties of skeletal muscles and tendons in weightlessness during parabolic flights.The mechanical properties (frequency, decrement, stiffness relaxation time and creep) of the m. gastrocnemius, m. erector spinae and Achilles tendon were assessed using the hand-held MyotonPRO device in 11 healthy participants (aged 47 +/-9 years) in normal gravity as well as in microgravity during two parabolic flight campaigns. Results showed significant (p < .05-.001) changes in all mechanical properties of both muscles and the Achilles tendon, indicating a more relaxed tissue state in microgravity. Recordings from a phantom rubber material with the device in a test rig confirmed that the device itself was not affected by gravity, as changes between gravity conditions that were too small (<1%) to explain the changes observed in the tissues.It is concluded that myometric measurements are a feasible, easy to use and non-invasive approach to monitor muscle health in extreme conditions that prohibit many other methods.Real-time assessment of the quality of a muscle being exposed to the negative effect of microgravity and also the positive effects of muscular training could be achieved using Myoton technology.

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“…Those severe, fast-changing conditions heavily impact on the human sense of balance, leaving the subjects with only little control of their well-being and no possibility to escape the situation and therefore causing acute stress (Schneider et al, 2007(Schneider et al, , 2009Chouker et al, 2010).…”

Section: Acute Vs Chronic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of parabolic flight and spaceflight on the endocannabinoid system in humans

Strewe

Feuerecker

Ничипорук

et al. 2012

Reviews in the Neurosciences

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Abstract:The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays an important role in the regulation of physiological functions, from stress and memory regulation to vegetative control and immunity. The ECS is considered a central and peripheral stress response system to emotional or physical challenges and acts through endocannabinoids (ECs), which bind to their receptors inducing subsequent effecting mechanisms. In our studies, the ECS responses have been assessed through blood concentrations of the ECs anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol. In parallel, saliva cortisol was determined and the degree of perceived stress was quantified by questionnaires. This report summarizes the reactivity of the ECS in humans subjected to brief periods of kinetic stress and weightlessness during parabolic flights and to prolonged stress exposure during life onboard the International Space Station (ISS). Both conditions resulted in a significant increase in circulating ECs. Under the acute stress during parabolic flights, individuals who showed no evidence of motion sickness were in low-stress conditions and had a significant increase of plasma ECs. In contrast, highly stressed individuals with severe motion sickness had an absent EC response and a massive increase in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. Likewise, chronic but well-tolerated exposure to weightlessness and emotional and environmental stressors on the ISS for 6 months resulted in a sustained increase in EC blood concentrations, which returned to baseline values after the cosmonauts ' return. These preliminary results suggest that complex environmental stressors result in an increase of circulating ECs and that enhanced EC signaling is probably required for adaptation and tolerance under stressful conditions.

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The effect of parabolic flight on perceived physical, motivational and psychological state in men and women: Correlation with neuroendocrine stress parameters and electrocortical activity

Cited by 33 publications

References 38 publications

Periodontal status, salivary immunoglobulin, and microbial counts after short exposure to an isolated environment

Periodontal status, salivary immunoglobulin, and microbial counts after short exposure to an isolated environment

Feasibility of monitoring muscle health in microgravity environments using Myoton technology

Effects of parabolic flight and spaceflight on the endocannabinoid system in humans

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