The effect of oxygen lack on surviving smooth muscle

Garry, R. C.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1928.sp002522

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Others, like the rat stomach strip, rabbit duodenum or jejunum, guinea-pig taenia caeci or ascending colon are relaxed by catecholamines, showing that in the 'normal' state in the isolated organ bath, the smooth muscle develops a continuous submaximal contraction. This resting tone is reduced when oxygen or glucose is withdrawn from the bathing fluid, or when the tissue is exposed to metabolic inhibitors such as 2:4-dinitrophenol (Gross & Clark, 1923;Garry, 1928;Prasad, 1935;Feldberg & Solandt, 1942;Born & Biilbring, 1955;Born, 1956;Blair & Clark, 1956). These effects have been attributed to an interruption of the normal supply of chemical energy to the muscle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostaglandins, oxygen tension and smooth muscle tone

Eckenfels

Vane

1972

British J Pharmacology

179

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary1. By using indomethacin to inhibit their intramural synthesis, we have investigated the contribution of prostaglandins to the maintenance of (a) the intrinsic tone of isolated smooth muscle preparations and (b) contractions produced by drugs or high oxygen concentration. 2. When treated with indomethacin, the rat stomach strip and chick rectum preparation slowly relaxed, whether they were bathed in Krebs solution or blood. Although their sensitivity to added prostaglandin was somewhat enhanced, they became insensitive to changes in oxygen or glucose concentration. However, another smooth muscle preparation, the rat colon, was neither relaxed by indomethacin nor contracted by high oxygen concentration. 3. These results support the hypothesis that intramural generation of prostaglandin maintains the tone of some smooth muscle preparations. 4. Contractions of the guinea-pig isolated colon were induced by histamine. These contractions were normally well maintained but in Krebs solution lacking either oxygen or glucose, only the initial spike contraction remained. In the presence of indomethacin the histamine contraction was also poorly sustained, but maintenance was restored by a low concentration of prostaglandin E2. 5. Thus, the effects on smooth muscle of oxygen or glucose lack may also be mediated by reduction in the synthesis or effects of an intramural prostaglandin. Extension of this hypothesis to intestinal and vascular smooth muscle in vivo is discussed.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostaglandins, oxygen tension and smooth muscle tone

Eckenfels

Vane

1972

British J Pharmacology

179

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…direct and indirect, although the final mediator of the indirect response is acetylcholine, which in our experiments was little reduced by any of the treatments. Nevertheless the nervous transmission giving rise to its release could well be affected; and inactivation of nervous tissues has been reported both under conditions of anoxia (Gross & Clark, 1923;Garry, 1928;West et al, 195 1;Day & Vane, 1963), and during cooling (Blair & Clark, 1956;Innes, Kosterlitz & Robinson, 1957). Therefore, before attempting to interpret the previous experiments, it was necessary to ensure that the treatments were indeed affecting the direct component of the angiotensin response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of withdrawing glucose and oxygen from in vitro smooth muscle preparations has been extensively investigated (Gross & Clark, 1923;Garry, 1928;Prasad, 1935;Feldberg & Solandt, 1942). The resulting progressive decline in mechanical activity, both spontaneous and induced, has been attributed to an inhibition of the energy processes within the muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this, and in all the other experiments, the recovery of the responses to acetylcholine and angiotensin were investigated to ensure that there was no permanent damage to the tissue which might lead to a non-specific reduction of induced (Gross & Clark, 1923;Garry, 1928;Prasad, 1935;Feldberg & Solandt, 1942;West, Hadden & Farah, 1951). The differences between the rates of recovery for acetylcholine and angiotensin appeared to be a reflection of the initial reduction in the response produced by the experimental treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Study of the Metabolic Requirements for the Contractile Action of Angiotensin Upon Guinea‐pig Ileum

Crocker

Wilson

1974

British J Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1Acetylcholine and angiotensin elicit a contraction of guinea-pig ileum. The metabolic requirements for these actions have been investigated. 2 The angiotensin-induced response was far more dependent upon the presence of glucose than was the response to acetylcholine. 3 Anoxia and oxidative enzyme inhibition preferentially reduced the angiotensin-induced response.4 The significance of these results is discussed. It is concluded that the response to angiotensin is dependent upon an ATP source distinct from that required by the contractile process. It is further shown that this energy-dependent stage cannot be identified with the indirect, cholinergic component of the angiotensin response in this tissue.

show abstract

“…The threshold to stimulation with pulses of 0.5 msec duration was approximately 2 V and a maximal response could be elicited by S to 15 V. The response was considered to be the result of excitation of nerves and not a direct effect on the muscle because it was abolished by a number of techniques which produce physiological denervation, such as hypoxia produced by bubbling the organ-bath with 95% nitrogen and 5% carbon dioxide (Garry, 1928;Day & Vane, 1963), storage at 1 to 50 C for 3 days (Vogt, 1943;Ambache, 1955), or cooling to 170 C (Innes, Kosterlitz & Robinson, 1957;Day & Vane, 1963), although in this instance abolition was incomplete. In all of these circumstances the response to acetylcholine (4 x 10-8 g/ml.)…”

Section: Response To Electrical Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Atropine‐resistance of the Response to Intrinsic Nerve Stimulation of the Guinea‐pig Bladder

Chesher

Thorp

1965

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The urinary bladder responds to parasympathetic nerve stimulation by contraction but it has been shown in several species that this response is not blocked by atropine. Acetylcholine applied to isolated bladder preparations, on the other hand, produces a contraction which is abolished by atropine in the manner characteristic of a muscarinic response.As early as 1911, Langley observed this anomalous behaviour of the bladder in the dog, cat and rabbit but until recently studies of this phenomenon in other species have been few. Burnstock & Campbell (1963) and Burnstock, O'Shea & Wood (1963) have described its occurrence in the ring-tailed possum (Pseudocheirusperegrinus) and the toad (Bufo marinus). Carpenter (1963) also noted the same results for the bladder of the rat.This paper describes studies on the response of the isolated bladder of the guinea-pig to electrical stimulation and to application of drugs. METHODSAdult guinea-pigs of either sex, weighing 250 to 400 g, were killed by a blow on the head. Both ureters were tied and cut and the bladder was flushed out with 1 to 2 ml. of Locke solution through a cut in the urethra. A glass cannula was then inserted into the bladder through the urethra, tied into place and filled with Locke solution to distend the bladder. The cannulated bladder was immersed in the organ-bath (25 ml. capacity) filled with Locke solution and bubbled with 95%. oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide. The cannula was connected to a U-tube containing black ink and the intraluminal pressure under these conditions was 60 to 80 mm of water. One arm of the U-tube passed through a close-fitting sleeve in which length-wise slits had been cut on opposite sides. The sleeve was illuminated by a lamp and the light passing through the slit was allowed to fall on a selenium photoelectric cell. Movement of the bladder displaced the fluid in the cannula, varying the level of the ink of the U-tube and so changing the illumination of the photo-cell. The potential changes so produced were recorded directly on a self-balancing potentiometric recorder. For electrical stimulation one platinum electrode was inserted through the cannula into the lumen of the bladder and another, which was made the anode, was placed directly in the organ-bath. The shocks were rectangular, submaximal (2 to 5 V) or supramaximal (20 V), and of 0.5 to 1 msec duration. The stimulus frequency was varied. The preparation showed considerable spontaneous activity, although this could be reduced by keeping the bath temperature at 300 C.Treatment ofguinea-pigs with reserpine. Reserpine was dissolved in a 20% solution of ascorbic acid and a dose of 10 mg/kg was given intraperitoneally on four successive days, the animal being used on the fifth day. During this treatment the animals were kept in a warm room.

show abstract

The effect of oxygen lack on surviving smooth muscle

Cited by 21 publications

References 9 publications

Prostaglandins, oxygen tension and smooth muscle tone

Prostaglandins, oxygen tension and smooth muscle tone

A Study of the Metabolic Requirements for the Contractile Action of Angiotensin Upon Guinea‐pig Ileum

The Atropine‐resistance of the Response to Intrinsic Nerve Stimulation of the Guinea‐pig Bladder

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About