The effect of osmotic gradients on fluid transfer across rat intestine in vitro

Parsons, D. S.; Wingate, David

doi:10.1016/0006-3002(61)90660-6

Cited by 96 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Water absorption from hypertonic solutions of NaCl continued until the mean osmolality of luminal fluid was 50 mOsm/kg above that of blood. This phenomenon has previously been observed in dog and rat large (11,12) and small intestine (13,14). A blood-to-lumen gradient of 50 mOsm/kg seems to just achieve an equilibrium between the two opposing forces of osmotic water secretion and Na-linked water absorption, as has been discussed by Curran and Solomon (15).…”

Section: Colonic Perfusions With Hypertonic Solutionssupporting

confidence: 62%

Effects of sodium concentration and osmolality on water and electrolyte absorption from the intact human colon

Billich¹,

Levitan²

1969

J. Clin. Invest.

116

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A B S T R A C T The influence of sodium concentration and osmolality on net water and monovalent electrolyte absorption from or secretion into the intact human colon was studied in healthy;volunteers.When isotonic solutions containing NaCl and/or mannitol were infused into the colon: (a) a direct linear relationship between luminal sodium concentration (in the range of 23-150 mEq/liter) and rate of net water, sodium, and chloride absorption was found. No water absorption was found when sodium concentration in the luminal fluid was below 20 mEq/liter; (b) water and sodium absorption from the isotonic test solutions was not enhanced by addition of 80-250 mg/100 ml of glucose; and (c) the rate of water and sodium absorption was decreased markedly when chloride was replaced by bicarbonate in the test solution.When the colon was perfused with hypertonic test solutions containing NaCl and mannitol or urea: (a) water was absorbed from hypertonic NaCl solutions against a lumen-to-blood osmotic gradient of 50 mOsm/ kg; (b) when the osmolality of the mannitol solution was increased, water entered the colonic lumen at a more rapid rate. The relationship between the rate of water entering the colon and the osmolality of the test solution was a parabolic one; (c) sodium and chloride entered the colonic lumen at a rate that was lineraly related to that of water entrance when the lumen-to-blood osmotic gradient exceeded 150 mOsm/kg; (d) water flow into the colonic lumen was identical when equimolar urea or mannitol solutions were infused; (e) neither urea nor mannitol was absorbed in significant amounts from the hypertonic solutions; and (f) our results suggest that the equivalent pore radius of the human colon is smaller than the molecular radius of urea (2.3 A).

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Section: Colonic Perfusions With Hypertonic Solutionssupporting

confidence: 62%

Effects of sodium concentration and osmolality on water and electrolyte absorption from the intact human colon

Billich¹,

Levitan²

1969

J. Clin. Invest.

116

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“…Equation 5 would be applicable to either solute provided the appropriate constants were used. In the present system ( Figure 9) application of Equation 6 to the first barrier yields: [7] where Ap = hydrostatic pressure gradient from compartment m to compartment 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Transport of water against osmotic gradients was demonstrated in the canine gallbladder inl vivo by Grim (6), who suggested that the findings were due to pinocytosis. "Uphill" water transport was also demonstrated in isolated intestinal segments by Parsons and Wingate (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

Coupled Transport of Solute and Water across Rabbit Gallbladder Epithelium*

Whitlock¹,

Wheeler²

1964

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…That water can be absorbed by epithelial systems against an apparent osmotic gradient was initially explained by the proposal that there were active transport mechanisms for translocating water (Parsons & Wingate, 1961). The demonstration that the paradoxical movement of water could be effected by an intraepithelial compartment which was hypertonic to the mucosal solution as a consequence of salt transport (Curran, 1960;Durbin, 1960;Curran & McIntosh, 1962) has been a viable alternative which has received much experimental support.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of paracellular and transcellular pathways and submucosal space in isotonic water absorption by rabbit ileum.

Naftalin¹,

Tripathi²

1986

The Journal of Physiology

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(Lp) of the mucosal boundary of the lateral intercellular space is approximately 1 x 10-8 cm S-1 cmH20-1. This Lp is too low to sustain isotonicity ofthe flow emerging from the lateral intercellular space at the observed rates. Hypertonic fluid emerging from the lateral intercellular space is diluted by transcellular water flow generated by the hypertonicity of the submucosa and back-diffusion of solute via mucosal shunt

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The effect of osmotic gradients on fluid transfer across rat intestine in vitro

Cited by 96 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of sodium concentration and osmolality on water and electrolyte absorption from the intact human colon

Effects of sodium concentration and osmolality on water and electrolyte absorption from the intact human colon

Coupled Transport of Solute and Water across Rabbit Gallbladder Epithelium*

The roles of paracellular and transcellular pathways and submucosal space in isotonic water absorption by rabbit ileum.

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